We describe a capillary column gas chromatographic (GC) method for the analysis of lignans in urine. Lignans are excreted as mono-glucuronides which are first extracted on a small reversed-phase cartridge of octadecylsilane bonded silica (Sep-Pak C18) and thereafter isolated by anion exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex A-25, prepared in the acetate form. Lignan mono-glucuronides are enzymatically hydrolysed and re-extracted on a Sep-Pak C18 cartridge. Quantification is carried out by capillary column GC of the trimethylsilyl ether derivatives. The specificity of the method was checked by GC/MS and the intra-assay coefficient of variation (CV) for the two lignans, enterolactone (trans-2,3-bis(3-hydroxybenzyl)butyrolactone) and enterodiol (2.3-bis(3-hydroxybenzyl)butane-1,4-diol) varied between 5 and 8%. Some values for the excretion of these lignans by normal men and women are presented.