Mu and kappa opioid agonists elevate brain stimulation threshold for escape by inhibiting aversion. 1982

K D Carr, and K A Bonnet, and E J Simon

Rats were trained to press a lever to escape electrical stimulation of the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis and to obtain stimulation of the lateral hypothalamus. Morphine sulfate and ethylketocyclazocine (EKC) both elevated the intensity of stimulation required to sustain escape at doses which did not affect self-stimulation. Parallel dose-response lines were obtained for the two opioid agonists but the effect of EKC was more resistant to naloxone antagonism. These results suggest that both mu-and chi-sub-types of opiate receptor mediate the inhibition of supraspinally-elicited aversion.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007026 Hypothalamic Area, Lateral Area in the hypothalamus bounded medially by the mammillothalamic tract and the anterior column of the FORNIX (BRAIN). The medial edge of the INTERNAL CAPSULE and the subthalamic region form its lateral boundary. It contains the lateral hypothalamic nucleus, tuberomammillary nucleus, lateral tuberal nuclei, and fibers of the MEDIAL FOREBRAIN BUNDLE. Lateral Hypothalamic Area,Lateral Hypothalamic Nucleus,Tuberomammillary Nucleus,Accessory Nucleus of the Ventral Horn,Area Hypothalamica Lateralis,Area Lateralis Hypothalami,Lateral Hypothalamus,Lateral Tuberal Nuclei,Lateral Tuberal Nucleus,Area Hypothalamica Laterali,Area Lateralis Hypothalamus,Area, Lateral Hypothalamic,Areas, Lateral Hypothalamic,Hypothalami, Area Lateralis,Hypothalamic Areas, Lateral,Hypothalamic Nucleus, Lateral,Hypothalamica Laterali, Area,Hypothalamica Lateralis, Area,Hypothalamus, Area Lateralis,Hypothalamus, Lateral,Lateral Hypothalamic Areas,Laterali, Area Hypothalamica,Lateralis Hypothalami, Area,Lateralis Hypothalamus, Area,Lateralis, Area Hypothalamica,Nuclei, Lateral Tuberal,Nucleus, Lateral Hypothalamic,Nucleus, Lateral Tuberal,Nucleus, Tuberomammillary,Tuberal Nuclei, Lateral,Tuberal Nucleus, Lateral
D008297 Male Males
D009020 Morphine The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle. Morphine Sulfate,Duramorph,MS Contin,Morphia,Morphine Chloride,Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Anhydrous,Morphine Sulfate (2:1), Pentahydrate,Oramorph SR,SDZ 202-250,SDZ202-250,Chloride, Morphine,Contin, MS,SDZ 202 250,SDZ 202250,SDZ202 250,SDZ202250,Sulfate, Morphine
D011919 Rats, Inbred Strains Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding. August Rats,Inbred Rat Strains,Inbred Strain of Rat,Inbred Strain of Rats,Inbred Strains of Rats,Rat, Inbred Strain,August Rat,Inbred Rat Strain,Inbred Strain Rat,Inbred Strain Rats,Inbred Strains Rat,Inbred Strains Rats,Rat Inbred Strain,Rat Inbred Strains,Rat Strain, Inbred,Rat Strains, Inbred,Rat, August,Rat, Inbred Strains,Rats Inbred Strain,Rats Inbred Strains,Rats, August,Rats, Inbred Strain,Strain Rat, Inbred,Strain Rats, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Rat,Strains, Inbred Rat
D011957 Receptors, Opioid Cell membrane proteins that bind opioids and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. The endogenous ligands for opioid receptors in mammals include three families of peptides, the enkephalins, endorphins, and dynorphins. The receptor classes include mu, delta, and kappa receptors. Sigma receptors bind several psychoactive substances, including certain opioids, but their endogenous ligands are not known. Endorphin Receptors,Enkephalin Receptors,Narcotic Receptors,Opioid Receptors,Receptors, Endorphin,Receptors, Enkephalin,Receptors, Narcotic,Receptors, Opiate,Endorphin Receptor,Enkephalin Receptor,Normorphine Receptors,Opiate Receptor,Opiate Receptors,Opioid Receptor,Receptors, Normorphine,Receptors, beta-Endorphin,beta-Endorphin Receptor,Receptor, Endorphin,Receptor, Enkephalin,Receptor, Opiate,Receptor, Opioid,Receptor, beta-Endorphin,Receptors, beta Endorphin,beta Endorphin Receptor,beta-Endorphin Receptors
D001933 Brain Stem The part of the brain that connects the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES with the SPINAL CORD. It consists of the MESENCEPHALON; PONS; and MEDULLA OBLONGATA. Brainstem,Truncus Cerebri,Brain Stems,Brainstems,Cerebri, Truncus,Cerebrus, Truncus,Truncus Cerebrus
D003496 Cyclazocine An analgesic with mixed narcotic agonist-antagonist properties.
D004558 Electric Stimulation Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses. Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D004924 Escape Reaction Innate response elicited by sensory stimuli associated with a threatening situation, or actual confrontation with an enemy. Flight Reaction,Escape Reactions,Flight Reactions,Reaction, Escape,Reaction, Flight,Reactions, Escape,Reactions, Flight
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia

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