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In this paper we have reported the results of studies in psychiatric patient groups using the strategy of measuring opioid activity and beta-endorphin (ir) in CSF. Our findings do not lend support to the notion of excess endorphin activity in schizophrenia, but rather suggest the possibility of a decrease in endogenous opioid activity in some schizophrenic patients. In affectively ill patients our data suggest that there may be a relative change in endogenous opioid system activity across state change in manic-depressive illness. Who also found a relationship between nurses' ratings of anxiety and CSF opioid activity in depressed patients, although it is unknown whether this directly relates to the pathophysiology of this symptom, or is related to stress response. The relationship between CSF opioid activity and HPA axis activity, as reflected by urinary free cortisol excretion, supports the notion of important physiologic relationships between these systems and raises the issue of a role for the endogenous opioid system in the abnormal activation of this system in depression. Finally, the finding of increased CSF opioid activity in anorexia nervosa patients when a minimum weight coupled with data relating endogenous opioids to eating behavior raises interesting questions regarding a possible involvement of the endogenous opioid system involvement in this illness.
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
January 1982,
Life sciences,
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
May 1980,
Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica,
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
September 1980,
FEBS letters,
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
September 1979,
Lancet (London, England),
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
August 1986,
Pediatrics,
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
May 1987,
Pediatrics,
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
March 1982,
Pain,
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
January 1982,
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
January 1986,
Progress in brain research,
D Pickar, and
D Naber, and
R M Post, and
D P van Kammen, and
W Kaye, and
D R Rubinow, and
J C Ballenger, and
W E Bunney
July 1977,
Acta physiologica Scandinavica,
