Biomaterial Database

Levels of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in regenerating forelimbs of adult newts following denervation. 1983

H M McLaughlin, and M P Rathbone, and R A Liversage, and D S McLaughlin

The effect of short-term denervation (0, 12, 24, and 72 hours) on the levels of cyclic 3'5'-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic 3'5'-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in adult newt (Notophthalmus viridescens) forelimbs at 15, 22, and 35 days of regeneration was investigated. Regenerate blastema and stump cyclic nucleotide levels were compared with those of the contralateral intact forelimb and hindlimb, with levels in the normally regenerating blastema, and with levels measured in the forelimbs of intact, nonoperated animals. Variations in cyclic nucleotide levels occurred according to regeneration stage and tissue type. Changes in level were noted immediately upon denervation and subsequently at other sample times in all regenerate and control series. Parallel fluctuations occurred in regenerate stump and contralateral intact forelimbs. Our results from nonamputated denervated and sham-denervated animals indicate that short-term, denervation-associated cyclic nucleotide fluctuations cannot be attributed solely to the loss of innervation.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009673	Notophthalmus viridescens	A species of newt in the Salamandridae family in which the larvae transform into terrestrial eft stage and later into an aquatic adult. They occur from Canada to southern United States. Viridescens refers to the greenish color often found in this species.	Diemictylus viridescens,Newt, Red-Spotted,Triturus viridescens,Newt, Red Spotted,Newts, Red-Spotted,Red-Spotted Newt,Red-Spotted Newts
D012038	Regeneration	The physiological renewal, repair, or replacement of tissue.	Endogenous Regeneration,Regeneration, Endogenous,Regenerations
D003714	Denervation	The resection or removal of the nerve to an organ or part.	Laser Neurectomy,Neurectomy,Peripheral Neurectomy,Radiofrequency Neurotomy,Denervations,Laser Neurectomies,Neurectomies,Neurectomies, Laser,Neurectomies, Peripheral,Neurectomy, Laser,Neurectomy, Peripheral,Neurotomies, Radiofrequency,Neurotomy, Radiofrequency,Peripheral Neurectomies,Radiofrequency Neurotomies
D005121	Extremities	The farthest or outermost projections of the body, such as the HAND and FOOT.	Limbs,Extremity,Limb
D006152	Cyclic GMP	Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)	Guanosine Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate,Guanosine Cyclic 3,5 Monophosphate,Guanosine Cyclic Monophosphate,Guanosine Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate,3',5'-Monophosphate, Guanosine Cyclic,Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate, Guanosine,Cyclic Monophosphate, Guanosine,Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate, Guanosine,GMP, Cyclic,Guanosine Cyclic 3',5' Monophosphate,Monophosphate, Guanosine Cyclic
D000242	Cyclic AMP	An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.	Adenosine Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic 3,5 Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic Monophosphate,Adenosine Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate,Cyclic AMP, (R)-Isomer,Cyclic AMP, Disodium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monoammonium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monopotassium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Monosodium Salt,Cyclic AMP, Sodium Salt,3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic,AMP, Cyclic,Adenosine Cyclic 3',5' Monophosphate,Cyclic 3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine,Cyclic Monophosphate, Adenosine,Cyclic-3',5'-Monophosphate, Adenosine,Monophosphate, Adenosine Cyclic
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013997	Time Factors	Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.	Time Series,Factor, Time,Time Factor