Biomaterial Database

Chromatin organization and restriction endonuclease activity on human metaphase chromosomes. 1983

R Mezzanotte, and U Bianchi, and R Vanni, and L Ferrucci

Human metaphase chromosomes were treated with HaeIII, HindIII, EcoRI, and AluI restriction endonucleases and subsequently stained with either Giemsa or ethidium bromide. The results obtained seemed to suggest that the structural organization of specific chromosome regions can play a primary role in determining the cytological effect after digestion with specific restriction endonucleases.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008677	Metaphase	The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.
D002843	Chromatin	The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.	Chromatins
D002871	Chromosome Banding	Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.	Banding, Chromosome,Bandings, Chromosome,Chromosome Bandings
D002877	Chromosomes, Human	Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.	Chromosome, Human,Human Chromosome,Human Chromosomes
D004262	DNA Restriction Enzymes	Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.	Restriction Endonucleases,DNA Restriction Enzyme,Restriction Endonuclease,Endonuclease, Restriction,Endonucleases, Restriction,Enzymes, DNA Restriction,Restriction Enzyme, DNA,Restriction Enzymes, DNA
D004996	Ethidium	A trypanocidal agent and possible antiviral agent that is widely used in experimental cell biology and biochemistry. Ethidium has several experimentally useful properties including binding to nucleic acids, noncompetitive inhibition of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, and fluorescence among others. It is most commonly used as the bromide.	Ethidium Bromide,Homidium Bromide,Novidium,Bromide, Ethidium,Bromide, Homidium
D006570	Heterochromatin	The portion of chromosome material that remains condensed and is transcriptionally inactive during INTERPHASE.	Heterochromatins
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D001399	Azure Stains	PHENOTHIAZINES with an amino group at the 3-position that are green crystals or powder. They are used as biological stains.	Giemsa Stain,Giemsa-11,Giemsa 11,Stain, Giemsa,Stains, Azure
D015246	Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI	One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence G/AATTC at the slash. EcoRI is from E coliRY13. Several isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.	DNA Restriction Enzyme EcoRI,Deoxyribonuclease SsoI,Endonuclease EcoRI,Eco RI,Eco-RI,EcoRI Endonuclease,Endodeoxyribonuclease ECoRI,Endodeoxyribonuclease HsaI,Endonuclease Eco159I,Endonuclease Eco82I,Endonuclease RsrI,Endonuclease SsoI,HsaI Endonuclease,Restriction Endonuclease RsrI