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The receptor binding properties of lipoproteins derived from neonates and abetalipoproteinemic patients were examined. Compared to normal adults, the neonate plasma contained reduced cholesterol levels, with only 40% of the total cholesterol transported in the low-density lipoproteins (LDL). When compared at equal cholesterol concentrations, however, the total neonate lipoproteins (d less than 1.21) were as effective as adult d less than 1.21 lipoproteins in stimulating cholesteryl ester formation in cultured human fibroblasts. Analysis of the neonate lipoproteins explained their enhanced ability to deliver cholesterol to the cells via LDL (apoprotein B,E) receptors: the neonate d = 1.02-1.063 fraction contained, in addition to LDL, alpha 2-migrating, apoprotein E-rich high-density lipoproteins (HDL1), which were isolated by Geon-Pevikon electrophoresis. In binding studies performed with human fibroblasts at 4 degrees C, the neonate HDL1 were 14-fold more effective than either neonate or adult human LDL in displacing 125I-LDL from apo-B,E receptors. The neonate HDL (d = 1.063-1.21) contained a subfraction rich in apo-E and apo(E-A-II), which was isolated by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. This fraction was also active in displacing 125I-LDL from the receptors on cultured fibroblasts. Apoprotein E-containing HDL subclasses, similar to those described in the blood of neonates, were present in the d less than 1.063 and d = 1.063-1.21 lipoprotein fractions of patients with abetalipoproteinemia. These HDL with apo-E were enriched in cholesterol and were as effective as normal LDL in competing with 125I-LDL for apo-B,E receptor-mediated binding, internalization, and degradation. When incubated with cultured human fibroblasts, the HDL with apo-E from the abetalipoproteinemic subjects increased the cholesteryl ester mass three- to fourfold. These studies suggest that neonates and abetalipoproteinemic subjects may depend (at least in part) upon lipoproteins containing apo-E to deliver cholesterol to various tissues via the LDL (apo-B,E) receptor.
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