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Structural organization of the 5' region of the human thyroglobulin gene. 1984

H M Targovnik, and V Pohl, and D Christophe, and B Cabrer, and H Brocas, and G Vassart

Sequence analyses of bovine and human thyroglobulin (Tg) cDNA have demonstrated that the 5' region of the mRNA encodes a domain responsible for thyroid hormone synthesis and exhibits striking internal repetition. Knowledge of the organization of the corresponding chromosomal DNA region would provide insight as to how such a structure has evolved. A human genomic DNA library was screened by hybridization in situ, using a bovine Tg cDNA probe corresponding to 2.8 X 10(3) base pairs at the 5' end of the mRNA. Out of 3 X 10(5) phage plaques, four were scored as positive and yielded three different phages containing thyroglobulin sequences. Selected human Tg cDNA probes were used to order the phages and to identify overlapping regions. Electron microscopy of hybrids between human Tg mRNA and the phage DNA was performed to determine the intron/exon organization of this region. The following conclusions were reached. (a) About 4 X 10(4) base pairs corresponding to the 5' region of the gene have been isolated as three overlapping recombinant phages. (b) The three phages cover altogether 2.9 X 10(3) base pairs of exonic sequence at the 5' end of the mRNA. (c) Out of the 11 exons identified in this region, 9 were of a size similar to that of the 3' exons characterized previously (less than or equal to 200 base pairs); exons 9 (1.12 X 10(3) base pairs) and 10 (0.56 X 10(3) base pairs) were exceptions to this rule. (d) The phage nearest the 5' end contains about 9 X 10(3) base pairs of sequence located upstream from the gene. The availability of clones covering the region upstream from the thyroglobulin gene will provide the basis for the identification of sequences involved in its transcriptional control by thyroid-stimulating hormone (thyrotropin).

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008854 Microscopy, Electron Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen. Electron Microscopy
D010582 Bacteriophage lambda A temperate inducible phage and type species of the genus lambda-like viruses, in the family SIPHOVIRIDAE. Its natural host is E. coli K12. Its VIRION contains linear double-stranded DNA with single-stranded 12-base 5' sticky ends. The DNA circularizes on infection. Coliphage lambda,Enterobacteria phage lambda,Phage lambda,lambda Phage
D010957 Plasmids Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS. Episomes,Episome,Plasmid
D003001 Cloning, Molecular The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells. Molecular Cloning
D004262 DNA Restriction Enzymes Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1. Restriction Endonucleases,DNA Restriction Enzyme,Restriction Endonuclease,Endonuclease, Restriction,Endonucleases, Restriction,Enzymes, DNA Restriction,Restriction Enzyme, DNA,Restriction Enzymes, DNA
D004269 DNA, Bacterial Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria. Bacterial DNA
D004274 DNA, Recombinant Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected. Genes, Spliced,Recombinant DNA,Spliced Gene,Recombinant DNA Research,Recombination Joint,DNA Research, Recombinant,Gene, Spliced,Joint, Recombination,Research, Recombinant DNA,Spliced Genes
D004279 DNA, Viral Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses. Viral DNA
D005796 Genes A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms. Cistron,Gene,Genetic Materials,Cistrons,Genetic Material,Material, Genetic,Materials, Genetic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man

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