Biomaterial Database

Divalent cations in essential hypertension. Relations between serum ionized calcium, magnesium, and plasma renin activity. 1983

L M Resnick, and J H Laragh, and J E Sealey, and M H Alderman

We studied the relation of plasma renin activity to serum levels of ionized calcium and magnesium in 102 normotensive patients and in 98 patients with essential hypertension who were divided into low-renin, normal-renin, and high-renin groups. Serum magnesium levels were higher in patients with low-renin hypertension and lower in patients with high-renin hypertension than in those with normal-renin hypertension (P less than 0.025 for both comparisons) or in normotensive controls (P less than 0.005, P less than 0.05, respectively). In contrast, serum levels of ionized calcium were lower in patients with low-renin hypertension and higher in patients with high-renin hypertension than in those with normal-renin hypertension (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.05, respectively) or in normotensive controls (P less than 0.001, P less than 0.05, respectively). Altogether, the range of plasma renin activity in essential hypertension shows a continuous negative correlation with the serum magnesium level (r = -0.60, P less than 0.001) and a positive correlation with the serum ionized calcium level (r = 0.44, P less than 0.001). Accordingly, plasma renin activity in hypertension may reflect or contribute to changes in calcium and magnesium fluxes across cell membranes.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D006973	Hypertension	Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.	Blood Pressure, High,Blood Pressures, High,High Blood Pressure,High Blood Pressures
D007477	Ions	An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.
D008274	Magnesium	A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.
D012083	Renin	A highly specific (Leu-Leu) endopeptidase that generates ANGIOTENSIN I from its precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, leading to a cascade of reactions which elevate BLOOD PRESSURE and increase sodium retention by the kidney in the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.99.19.	Angiotensin-Forming Enzyme,Angiotensinogenase,Big Renin,Cryorenin,Inactive Renin,Pre-Prorenin,Preprorenin,Prorenin,Angiotensin Forming Enzyme,Pre Prorenin,Renin, Big,Renin, Inactive
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D002413	Cations, Divalent	Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.	Divalent Cations
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man