Biomaterial Database

Vagal control of gastrin release in the dog: pathways for stimulation and inhibition. 1984

H T Debas, and J Hollinshead, and A Seal, and P Soon-Shiong, and J H Walsh

The vagus has a dual effect on gastrin: it both stimulates and inhibits its release. To determine the gastric vagal pathways for these opposing effects, plasma gastrin and acid responses to meal (intragastric titration of 15% liver extract, pH 5.5) and to insulin (0.5 U regular insulin intravenously) were studied in seven dogs in three consecutive stages: a control stage, after antral vagotomy (AV), and after subsequent proximal gastric vagotomy (PGV). AV abolished the plasma gastrin response to insulin but had no effect on either basal or meal-stimulated gastrin release. Subsequent PGV caused significant elevation in basal plasma gastrin concentration, no further change in the gastrin response to insulin, but a significant increase in meal-stimulated gastrin release. AV decreased acid response to insulin nonsignificantly and had no effect on meal-stimulated acid secretion. Subsequent PGV reduced by 90% the acid response to insulin, had negligible effect on the gastric fistula acid response to meal, but increased Heidenhain pouch response sixfold. These studies show that vagal stimulation of gastrin release is mediated along direct antral vagal pathways, while vagal inhibition requires intact vagal fibers to the proximal stomach. The mechanism by which the fundic vagal pathways exert an inhibitory influence on the G cell in the antrum is yet to be elucidated.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007328	Insulin	A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).	Iletin,Insulin A Chain,Insulin B Chain,Insulin, Regular,Novolin,Sodium Insulin,Soluble Insulin,Chain, Insulin B,Insulin, Sodium,Insulin, Soluble,Regular Insulin
D011706	Pyloric Antrum	The region between the sharp indentation at the lower third of the STOMACH (incisura angularis) and the junction of the PYLORUS with the DUODENUM. Pyloric antral glands contain mucus-secreting cells and gastrin-secreting endocrine cells (G CELLS).	Antrum, Pyloric,Gastric Antrum,Antrum, Gastric,Antrums, Gastric,Antrums, Pyloric,Gastric Antrums,Pyloric Antrums
D004285	Dogs	The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)	Canis familiaris,Dog
D005502	Food	Substances taken in by the body to provide nourishment.	Foods
D005755	Gastrins	A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.	Gastrin
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D014628	Vagotomy	The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.	Vagotomies
D014629	Vagotomy, Proximal Gastric	Vagal denervation of that part of the STOMACH lined with acid-secreting mucosa (GASTRIC MUCOSA) containing the GASTRIC PARIETAL CELLS. Since the procedure leaves the vagal branches to the antrum and PYLORUS intact, it circumvents gastric drainage required with truncal vagotomy techniques.	Vagotomy, Highly Selective,Vagotomy, Parietal Cell,Vagotomy, Selective Proximal,Gastric Vagotomies, Proximal,Gastric Vagotomy, Proximal,Highly Selective Vagotomies,Highly Selective Vagotomy,Parietal Cell Vagotomies,Parietal Cell Vagotomy,Proximal Gastric Vagotomies,Proximal Gastric Vagotomy,Proximal Vagotomies, Selective,Proximal Vagotomy, Selective,Selective Proximal Vagotomies,Selective Proximal Vagotomy,Selective Vagotomies, Highly,Vagotomies, Highly Selective,Vagotomies, Parietal Cell,Vagotomies, Proximal Gastric,Vagotomies, Selective Proximal
D014630	Vagus Nerve	The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).	Cranial Nerve X,Pneumogastric Nerve,Tenth Cranial Nerve,Nerve X,Nervus Vagus,Cranial Nerve, Tenth,Cranial Nerves, Tenth,Nerve X, Cranial,Nerve Xs,Nerve, Pneumogastric,Nerve, Tenth Cranial,Nerve, Vagus,Nerves, Pneumogastric,Nerves, Tenth Cranial,Nerves, Vagus,Pneumogastric Nerves,Tenth Cranial Nerves,Vagus Nerves,Vagus, Nervus