Biomaterial Database

Cognitive impairment of Alzheimer disease. 1983

M F Folstein, and P J Whitehouse

The clinical signs of Alzheimer Disease can be quantitated and correlated with neuropathological evidence of the disease. These clinical signs which include amnesia, aphasia and apraxia can be screened for using instruments such as the Mini-Mental State Exam. In addition, each of these cognitive functions can be quantitated using specific tests. Standardized scores are available for a mini mental state but further research is needed to develop normative data for more detailed psychological assessment tests of specific cognitive deficits. The fact that the cognitive impairment predicts the neuropathology and also the presence of a familial disorder, provides the basis for the validity of these characteristic cognitive signs and the rationale for developing more standardized versions of these tests.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008403	Mass Screening	Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.	Screening,Mass Screenings,Screening, Mass,Screenings,Screenings, Mass
D008569	Memory Disorders	Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.	Memory Loss,Age-Related Memory Disorders,Memory Deficits,Memory Disorder, Semantic,Memory Disorder, Spatial,Memory Disorders, Age-Related,Retention Disorders, Cognitive,Semantic Memory Disorder,Spatial Memory Disorder,Age Related Memory Disorders,Age-Related Memory Disorder,Cognitive Retention Disorder,Cognitive Retention Disorders,Deficit, Memory,Deficits, Memory,Memory Deficit,Memory Disorder,Memory Disorder, Age-Related,Memory Disorders, Age Related,Memory Disorders, Semantic,Memory Disorders, Spatial,Memory Losses,Retention Disorder, Cognitive,Semantic Memory Disorders,Spatial Memory Disorders
D008875	Middle Aged	An adult aged 45 - 64 years.	Middle Age
D009483	Neuropsychological Tests	Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.	Aphasia Tests,Cognitive Test,Cognitive Testing,Cognitive Tests,Memory for Designs Test,Neuropsychological Testing,AX-CPT,Behavioral Assessment of Dysexecutive Syndrome,CANTAB,Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery,Clock Test,Cognitive Function Scanner,Continuous Performance Task,Controlled Oral Word Association Test,Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System,Developmental Neuropsychological Assessment,Hooper Visual Organization Test,NEPSY,Neuropsychologic Tests,Neuropsychological Test,Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test,Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status,Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure,Symbol Digit Modalities Test,Test of Everyday Attention,Test, Neuropsychological,Tests, Neuropsychological,Tower of London Test,Neuropsychologic Test,Test, Cognitive,Testing, Cognitive,Testing, Neuropsychological,Tests, Cognitive
D011581	Psychological Tests	Standardized tests designed to measure abilities (as in intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests) or to evaluate personality traits.	Parenting Stress Index,Trier Social Stress Test,Trier Stress Test,Psychologic Tests,Psychological Test,Test, Psychological,Tests, Psychological,Index, Parenting Stress,Psychologic Test,Stress Index, Parenting,Stress Test, Trier,Test, Psychologic,Test, Trier Stress,Trier Stress Tests
D003071	Cognition	Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.	Cognitive Function,Cognitions,Cognitive Functions,Function, Cognitive,Functions, Cognitive
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000368	Aged	A person 65 years of age or older. For a person older than 79 years, AGED, 80 AND OVER is available.	Elderly
D000377	Agnosia	Loss of the ability to comprehend the meaning or recognize the importance of various forms of stimulation that cannot be attributed to impairment of a primary sensory modality. Tactile agnosia is characterized by an inability to perceive the shape and nature of an object by touch alone, despite unimpaired sensation to light touch, position, and other primary sensory modalities.	Auditory Agnosia,Finger Agnosia,Sensory Agnosia,Tactile Agnosia,Visual Agnosia,Agnosia for Pain,Agnosia for Smell,Agnosia for Taste,Agnosia for Temperature,Anosognosia,Auditory Agnosia, Congenital,Body-Image Agnosia,Congenital Auditory Agnosia,Developmental Agnosia,Gustatory Agnosia,Ideational Agnosia,Olfactory Agnosia,Position Agnosia,Somatosensory Agnosia,Time Agnosia,Topographical Agnosia,Visual Agnosia for Objects,Visual Disorientation Syndrome,Visuospatial Agnosia,Agnosia for Tastes,Agnosia, Auditory,Agnosia, Body-Image,Agnosia, Congenital Auditory,Agnosia, Developmental,Agnosia, Finger,Agnosia, Gustatory,Agnosia, Ideational,Agnosia, Olfactory,Agnosia, Position,Agnosia, Sensory,Agnosia, Somatosensory,Agnosia, Tactile,Agnosia, Time,Agnosia, Topographical,Agnosia, Visual,Agnosia, Visuospatial,Agnosias,Agnosias, Auditory,Agnosias, Body-Image,Agnosias, Congenital Auditory,Agnosias, Developmental,Agnosias, Finger,Agnosias, Ideational,Agnosias, Olfactory,Agnosias, Position,Agnosias, Sensory,Agnosias, Somatosensory,Agnosias, Tactile,Agnosias, Time,Agnosias, Topographical,Agnosias, Visual,Agnosias, Visuospatial,Anosognosias,Auditory Agnosias,Auditory Agnosias, Congenital,Body Image Agnosia,Body-Image Agnosias,Congenital Auditory Agnosias,Developmental Agnosias,Finger Agnosias,Ideational Agnosias,Olfactory Agnosias,Position Agnosias,Sensory Agnosias,Somatosensory Agnosias,Syndrome, Visual Disorientation,Syndromes, Visual Disorientation,Tactile Agnosias,Time Agnosias,Topographical Agnosias,Visual Agnosias,Visual Disorientation Syndromes,Visuospatial Agnosias
D000544	Alzheimer Disease	A degenerative disease of the BRAIN characterized by the insidious onset of DEMENTIA. Impairment of MEMORY, judgment, attention span, and problem solving skills are followed by severe APRAXIAS and a global loss of cognitive abilities. The condition primarily occurs after age 60, and is marked pathologically by severe cortical atrophy and the triad of SENILE PLAQUES; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES; and NEUROPIL THREADS. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1049-57)	Acute Confusional Senile Dementia,Alzheimer's Diseases,Dementia, Alzheimer Type,Dementia, Senile,Presenile Alzheimer Dementia,Senile Dementia, Alzheimer Type,Alzheimer Dementia,Alzheimer Disease, Early Onset,Alzheimer Disease, Late Onset,Alzheimer Sclerosis,Alzheimer Syndrome,Alzheimer Type Senile Dementia,Alzheimer's Disease,Alzheimer's Disease, Focal Onset,Alzheimer-Type Dementia (ATD),Dementia, Presenile,Dementia, Primary Senile Degenerative,Early Onset Alzheimer Disease,Familial Alzheimer Disease (FAD),Focal Onset Alzheimer's Disease,Late Onset Alzheimer Disease,Primary Senile Degenerative Dementia,Senile Dementia, Acute Confusional,Alzheimer Dementias,Alzheimer Disease, Familial (FAD),Alzheimer Diseases,Alzheimer Type Dementia,Alzheimer Type Dementia (ATD),Alzheimers Diseases,Dementia, Alzheimer,Dementia, Alzheimer-Type (ATD),Familial Alzheimer Diseases (FAD),Presenile Dementia,Sclerosis, Alzheimer,Senile Dementia