Biomaterial Database

Brown adipose tissue of mice with gold thioglucose-induced obesity: effect of cold and diet. 1983

S Hogan, and J Himms-Hagen

Gold thioglucose (GTG)-obese mice have a larger than normal amount of brown adipose tissue (BAT) with ultrastructurally normal mitochondria. The tissue grows normally when the mice adapt to cafeteria feeding or to cold (8 degrees C). Acute exposure to cold causes a fairly normal thermogenic activation of BAT mitochondria of GTG-obese mice, both in dynamic and static phases of their obesity. However, chow-fed GTG-obese mice have BAT mitochondria that are in a low state of thermogenic activation, and these mice fail to respond to eating a cafeteria diet for 3 wk by a normal thermogenic activation of their BAT mitochondria. More prolonged cafeteria feeding for 11-13 wk, into the static phase of obesity, is associated with thermogenic activation of BAT mitochondria of GTG-obese mice. The capacity of GTG-obese mice to respond to noradrenaline (norepinephrine) by an increase in metabolic rate is greater than that of lean mice and is further enhanced by cold acclimation. It is concluded that BAT of the GTG-obese mouse is inherently functional, as is control of its thermogenic function and growth during cold exposure and cold acclimation. Dietary influences on BAT thermogenic function are, however, defective in the GTG-obese mouse at least during the dynamic phase of its obesity. The resulting failure of diet-induced thermogenesis would be expected to contribute to the known high metabolic efficiency of the GTG-obese mouse and, together with the hyperphagia, to the obesity induced by GTG.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008815	Mice, Inbred Strains	Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.	Inbred Mouse Strains,Inbred Strain of Mice,Inbred Strain of Mouse,Inbred Strains of Mice,Mouse, Inbred Strain,Inbred Mouse Strain,Mouse Inbred Strain,Mouse Inbred Strains,Mouse Strain, Inbred,Mouse Strains, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Mouse,Strains, Inbred Mouse
D008928	Mitochondria	Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)	Mitochondrial Contraction,Mitochondrion,Contraction, Mitochondrial,Contractions, Mitochondrial,Mitochondrial Contractions
D009765	Obesity	A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the recommended standards, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).
D002001	Adipose Tissue, Brown	A thermogenic form of adipose tissue composed of BROWN ADIPOCYTES. It is found in newborns of many species including humans, and in hibernating mammals. Brown fat is richly vascularized, innervated, and densely packed with MITOCHONDRIA which can generate heat directly from the stored lipids.	Brown Fat,Hibernating Gland,Brown Adipose Tissue,Fat, Brown,Tissue, Brown Adipose
D003080	Cold Temperature	An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.	Cold,Cold Temperatures,Temperature, Cold,Temperatures, Cold
D004032	Diet	Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.	Diets
D005260	Female		Females
D006051	Aurothioglucose	A thioglucose derivative used as an antirheumatic and experimentally to produce obesity in animals.	Gold Thioglucose,Aureotan,Auromyose,Aurothioglucose, Sodium Salt, beta-D Isomer,Aurothioglucose, beta-D Isomer,Gold-50,Solganal,Solganal B Oleosum,Solganol,Thioglucosoaurate,Aurothioglucose, beta D Isomer,B Oleosum, Solganal,Gold 50,Gold50,Oleosum, Solganal B,Thioglucose, Gold,beta-D Isomer Aurothioglucose
D000064	Acclimatization	Adaptation to a new environment or to a change in the old.	Acclimation
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia