Biomaterial Database

Solubility of calcium oxalate in 1-alkanols and ethanol--water mixtures. 1978

J A Molzon, and J M Lausier, and A N Paruta

Solubility profiles for calcium oxalate were determined in pure 1-alkanols and ethanol--water mixtures at 20 degrees. The magnitude of solubility in the aliphatic alcohols was highest in methanol and decreased in a nonlinear fashion as the dielectric constant decreased, going to n-decanol. In ethanol--water mixtures, the solubility increased nonlinearly with water content or increasing dielectric constants. The work factor for these systems was also calculated and, as expected, a "mirror image" to the solubility profiles was evidenced. In the mixed solvent system, a dramatic change in the magnitude of solubility occurred after a dielectric constant value of about 60, indicating ionic association or ion-pairs below this value. The Born relationship of solubility and ionic size was tested in the ethanol--water system, and the ionic size of the divalent species of about 2.27 A agreed with the theoretical ionic size of about 2.4 A. These results indicate that the water number of calcium is 8 or that a monolayer of dipoles surrounds this divalent cationic species.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007477	Ions	An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.
D010070	Oxalates	Derivatives of OXALIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are derived from the ethanedioic acid structure.	Oxalate,Ethanedioic Acids,Oxalic Acids,Acids, Ethanedioic,Acids, Oxalic
D002118	Calcium	A basic element found in nearly all tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.	Coagulation Factor IV,Factor IV,Blood Coagulation Factor IV,Calcium-40,Calcium 40,Factor IV, Coagulation
D004563	Electrochemistry	The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.	Electrochemistries
D000431	Ethanol	A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.	Alcohol, Ethyl,Absolute Alcohol,Grain Alcohol,Alcohol, Absolute,Alcohol, Grain,Ethyl Alcohol
D000438	Alcohols	Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
D012995	Solubility	The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Solubilities
D013816	Thermodynamics	A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)	Thermodynamic
D014867	Water	A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)	Hydrogen Oxide