Biomaterial Database

[Superspecificity of aminoacyl-tRNA-synthases]. 1984

O O Favorova

The correct aminoacylation of tRNA with the proper aminoacid by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is one of the key reactions which determines the overall high fidelity of protein biosynthesis. The initial selection of the amino acid is achieved in the active centre of the synthetase at the activation step due to differences in the side chains binding energies of specific substrate and the competing amino acids present in cell. If, nevertheless, the activation of amino acids structurally similar to the cognate one does proceed, additional mechanisms of correction which are based on the decomposition of unstable noncognate (intermediate or final) product of the tRNA aminoacylation reaction, by synthetase are switched on. In this review the literature on the specificity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases at amino acid activation step is analyzed along with the proofreading mechanisms which allow the elimination of the errors, leading to so called superspecifity of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007533	Isoleucine-tRNA Ligase	An enzyme that activates isoleucine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.5.	Isoleucyl T RNA Synthetase,Isoleucyl- tRNA Synthetase ILS1,Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase 1,Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase ILES1,Ile-tRNA Ligase,Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase,1, Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase,ILES1, Isoleucyl-tRNA Synthetase,Ile tRNA Ligase,Isoleucine tRNA Ligase,Isoleucyl tRNA Synthetase,Isoleucyl tRNA Synthetase 1,Isoleucyl tRNA Synthetase ILES1,Isoleucyl tRNA Synthetase ILS1,Ligase, Ile-tRNA,Ligase, Isoleucine-tRNA,Synthetase 1, Isoleucyl-tRNA,Synthetase ILES1, Isoleucyl-tRNA,Synthetase, Isoleucyl-tRNA
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D008954	Models, Biological	Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.	Biological Model,Biological Models,Model, Biological,Models, Biologic,Biologic Model,Biologic Models,Model, Biologic
D004926	Escherichia coli	A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.	Alkalescens-Dispar Group,Bacillus coli,Bacterium coli,Bacterium coli commune,Diffusely Adherent Escherichia coli,E coli,EAggEC,Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli,Enterococcus coli,Diffusely Adherent E. coli,Enteroaggregative E. coli,Enteroinvasive E. coli,Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli
D006868	Hydrolysis	The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.
D000255	Adenosine Triphosphate	An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.	ATP,Adenosine Triphosphate, Calcium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Manganese Salt,Adenylpyrophosphate,CaATP,CrATP,Manganese Adenosine Triphosphate,MgATP,MnATP,ATP-MgCl2,Adenosine Triphosphate, Chromium Ammonium Salt,Adenosine Triphosphate, Magnesium Chloride,Atriphos,Chromium Adenosine Triphosphate,Cr(H2O)4 ATP,Magnesium Adenosine Triphosphate,Striadyne,ATP MgCl2
D000604	Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases	A subclass of enzymes that aminoacylate AMINO ACID-SPECIFIC TRANSFER RNA with their corresponding AMINO ACIDS.	Amino Acyl T RNA Synthetases,Amino Acyl-tRNA Ligases,Aminoacyl Transfer RNA Synthetase,Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase,Transfer RNA Synthetase,tRNA Synthetase,Acyl-tRNA Ligases, Amino,Acyl-tRNA Synthetases, Amino,Amino Acyl tRNA Ligases,Amino Acyl tRNA Synthetases,Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetase,Ligases, Amino Acyl-tRNA,RNA Synthetase, Transfer,Synthetase, Aminoacyl-tRNA,Synthetase, Transfer RNA,Synthetase, tRNA,Synthetases, Amino Acyl-tRNA
D013379	Substrate Specificity	A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.	Specificities, Substrate,Specificity, Substrate,Substrate Specificities
D013912	Threonine	An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins.	L-Threonine,L Threonine
D014176	Protein Biosynthesis	The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.	Genetic Translation,Peptide Biosynthesis, Ribosomal,Protein Translation,Translation, Genetic,Protein Biosynthesis, Ribosomal,Protein Synthesis, Ribosomal,Ribosomal Peptide Biosynthesis,mRNA Translation,Biosynthesis, Protein,Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Peptide,Biosynthesis, Ribosomal Protein,Genetic Translations,Ribosomal Protein Biosynthesis,Ribosomal Protein Synthesis,Synthesis, Ribosomal Protein,Translation, Protein,Translation, mRNA,mRNA Translations