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We isolated Trichosporon cutaneum from the houses of patients with hypersensitivity pneumonitis and investigated its possible role as an etiologic agent in 21 cases of the disease. A high titer of anti-T. cutaneum antibody was observed in serum samples from 20 (95.2%) of the 21 patients, but only a low titer was found in less than 9% of the control serum samples. Anti-Cryptococcus neoformans antibody was also observed in the patients' serum samples, but it appeared, in most samples, to be a cross-reaction to T. cutaneum antigen. This was because the anti-C. neoformans antibody was completely absorbed with T. cutaneum, but the anti-T. cutaneum antibody was only partly absorbed with C. neoformans. Besides, no C. neoformans was isolated from the patients' environment. A bronchoprovocation test with T. cutaneum was done on one patient, with a positive result. We also found T. cutaneum in bird droppings containing nutrients for this organism. To our knowledge, this is the first report on hypersensitivity pneumonitis induced by T. cutaneum.
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