Biomaterial Database

Modulation of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis by retinoids. 1981

S S Shapiro, and D J Mott

In conclusion, retinoids modulate phenotypic changes such as morphology, adhesion, and growth rate. These changes also result in specific alterations of glycosaminoglycans. We have observed increases in the degree of sulfation in fibroblast matrix heparan sulfate and, a change in the ratio of sulfamido to ester sulfate in matrix heparan sulfate in 407 cell surface. Matrix glycosaminoglycans have been functionally implicated in cellular interactions, and have a specific role in adhesion and growth rates. Our results are consistent with the proposed role for heparan sulfate. It is possible that some of the modulation in cellular behavior resulting from retinoid treatment may be mediated by cell surface and cellular changes in heparan sulfate and other glycosaminoglycans.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010641	Phenotype	The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.	Phenotypes
D002356	Cartilage	A non-vascular form of connective tissue composed of CHONDROCYTES embedded in a matrix that includes CHONDROITIN SULFATE and various types of FIBRILLAR COLLAGEN. There are three major types: HYALINE CARTILAGE; FIBROCARTILAGE; and ELASTIC CARTILAGE.	Cartilages
D002460	Cell Line	Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.	Cell Lines,Line, Cell,Lines, Cell
D005347	Fibroblasts	Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.	Fibroblast
D006025	Glycosaminoglycans	Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine (see ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE) or N-acetylgalactosamine (see ACETYLGALACTOSAMINE).	Glycosaminoglycan,Mucopolysaccharides
D006497	Heparitin Sulfate	A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.	Heparan Sulfate,Sulfate, Heparan,Sulfate, Heparitin
D006820	Hyaluronic Acid	A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.	Amo Vitrax,Amvisc,Biolon,Etamucine,Healon,Hyaluronan,Hyaluronate Sodium,Hyvisc,Luronit,Sodium Hyaluronate,Acid, Hyaluronic,Hyaluronate, Sodium,Vitrax, Amo
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012867	Skin	The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
D014212	Tretinoin	An important regulator of GENE EXPRESSION during growth and development, and in NEOPLASMS. Tretinoin, also known as retinoic acid and derived from maternal VITAMIN A, is essential for normal GROWTH; and EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. An excess of tretinoin can be teratogenic. It is used in the treatment of PSORIASIS; ACNE VULGARIS; and several other SKIN DISEASES. It has also been approved for use in promyelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, PROMYELOCYTIC, ACUTE).	Retinoic Acid,Vitamin A Acid,Retin-A,Tretinoin Potassium Salt,Tretinoin Sodium Salt,Tretinoin Zinc Salt,Vesanoid,all-trans-Retinoic Acid,beta-all-trans-Retinoic Acid,trans-Retinoic Acid,Acid, Retinoic,Acid, Vitamin A,Acid, all-trans-Retinoic,Acid, beta-all-trans-Retinoic,Acid, trans-Retinoic,Potassium Salt, Tretinoin,Retin A,Salt, Tretinoin Potassium,Salt, Tretinoin Sodium,Salt, Tretinoin Zinc,Sodium Salt, Tretinoin,Zinc Salt, Tretinoin,all trans Retinoic Acid,beta all trans Retinoic Acid,trans Retinoic Acid