BIOMAT Database Logo BIOMAT Database Logo

gamma-butyrobetaine in tissues and serum of fed and starved rats determined by an enzymic radioisotopic procedure. 1984

H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande

A method for the determination of picomole quantities of gamma-butyrobetaine and its application for the determination of gamma-butyrobetaine distribution in tissues are described. The method is based on the quantitative conversion of gamma-butyrobetaine into carnitine by using a 50-60%-satd.-(NH4)2SO4 fraction of rat liver supernatant as the source of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase [4-trimethylaminobutyrate,2-oxoglutarate:oxygen oxidoreductase (3-hydroxylating), EC 1.14.11.1]; the carnitine formed is then measured enzymically. The mean gamma-butyrobetaine content, as nmol/g wet wt. of tissue, ranged from a low of 4.6 in livers to a high of 12.3 in hearts of normal fed male adult rats. Starvation for 48 h did not affect the gamma-butyrobetaine concentration in serum, liver and brain, but that in skeletal muscles, kidney and heart was increased. These data are in line with the present views that most tissues are able to produce gamma-butyrobetaine, and show that starvation enhances the synthesis and/or the retention of this compound in many tissues. The observed high affinity of gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase for gamma-butyrobetaine (Km 7 microM), the high activity of this enzyme and the low concentration of gamma-butyrobetaine in liver indicate that gamma-butyrobetaine availability is one of the factors that normally limit carnitine synthesis.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008722 Methods A series of steps taken in order to conduct research. Techniques,Methodological Studies,Methodological Study,Procedures,Studies, Methodological,Study, Methodological,Method,Procedure,Technique
D011919 Rats, Inbred Strains Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding. August Rats,Inbred Rat Strains,Inbred Strain of Rat,Inbred Strain of Rats,Inbred Strains of Rats,Rat, Inbred Strain,August Rat,Inbred Rat Strain,Inbred Strain Rat,Inbred Strain Rats,Inbred Strains Rat,Inbred Strains Rats,Rat Inbred Strain,Rat Inbred Strains,Rat Strain, Inbred,Rat Strains, Inbred,Rat, August,Rat, Inbred Strains,Rats Inbred Strain,Rats Inbred Strains,Rats, August,Rats, Inbred Strain,Strain Rat, Inbred,Strain Rats, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Rat,Strains, Inbred Rat
D002250 Carbon Radioisotopes Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes. Radioisotopes, Carbon
D002331 Carnitine A constituent of STRIATED MUSCLE and LIVER. It is an amino acid derivative and an essential cofactor for fatty acid metabolism. Bicarnesine,L-Carnitine,Levocarnitine,Vitamin BT,L Carnitine
D005296 Ferrous Compounds Inorganic or organic compounds that contain divalent iron. Compounds, Ferrous
D006899 Mixed Function Oxygenases Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation. Hydroxylase,Hydroxylases,Mixed Function Oxidase,Mixed Function Oxygenase,Monooxygenase,Monooxygenases,Mixed Function Oxidases,Function Oxidase, Mixed,Function Oxygenase, Mixed,Oxidase, Mixed Function,Oxidases, Mixed Function,Oxygenase, Mixed Function,Oxygenases, Mixed Function
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001622 Betaine A naturally occurring compound that has been of interest for its role in osmoregulation. As a drug, betaine hydrochloride has been used as a source of hydrochloric acid in the treatment of hypochlorhydria. Betaine has also been used in the treatment of liver disorders, for hyperkalemia, for homocystinuria, and for gastrointestinal disturbances. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1341) Lycine,Oxyneurine,Acidin-Pepsin,Betaine Hydrochloride,C.B.B.,Citrate de Bétaïne Beaufour,Citrate de Bétaïne UPSA,Cystadane,Glycine Betaine,Hepastyl,Novobetaine,Scorbo-bétaïne,Stea-16,Acidin Pepsin,AcidinPepsin,Betaine, Glycine,Hydrochloride, Betaine,Scorbo bétaïne,Scorbobétaïne,Stea 16,Stea16
D013217 Starvation Lengthy and continuous deprivation of food. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Related Publications

H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Hydroxylation of gamma-butyrobetaine by rat and ovine tissues.
May 1975, Biochemical and biophysical research communications,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Elaidic acid and serum lipoproteins in starved and fed rats.
January 1973, Nutrition and metabolism,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
The enzymic synthesis of gamma-butyrobetaine and its CoA ester derivative.
February 1962, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Hydroxylation of gamma-butyrobetaine to carnitine in human and monkey tissues.
June 1979, FEBS letters,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Comparison of oxidative metabolism in starved, fat-fed and carbohydrate-fed rats.
May 1967, The Biochemical journal,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Activities of gamma-butyrobetaine dioxygenase and concentrations of carnitine in tissues of pigs.
July 2009, Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Protein v. enzymic protein hydrolysates. Nitrogen utilization in starved rats.
January 1995, The British journal of nutrition,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Uptake and degradation of partially denatured proteins by different organs from fed, starved and starved irradiated rats.
January 1971, Acta radiologica. Supplementum,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Triiodothyronine (T3)-induced thermogenesis: altered T3-efficiency in tissues from fed, starved, and refed hypothyroid rats.
September 1985, Endocrinology,
H Noël, and R Parvin, and S V Pande
Lipogenesis in response to an oral glucose load in fed and starved rats.
June 1981, Bioscience reports,
Copied contents to your clipboard!