Corneal edema developed in seven aphakic eyes of six patients (three men and three women ranging in age from 60 to 88 years) who used daily- or extended-wear hydrophilic and silicone contact lenses. This edema, which developed suddenly, persisted despite discontinuation of contact lens wear and treatment with topical corticosteroids. The onset of the edema occurred in two patterns. In three eyes, edema occurred soon (30 minutes to 30 days) after the contact lens was first worn and persisted during follow-up periods averaging 15 months. In the other four eyes, the edema developed late, after 20 to 66 months. In three of these eyes, edema resolved after follow-up periods averaging seven months. In the fourth eye, it was still present after 18 months. Of the affected eyes in which peripheral endothelial cell densities could be measured, all but one had fewer than 800 cells/mm2. Central cell densities in the five uninvolved fellow eyes averaged 1,964 cells/mm2. Marked polymegathism and cornea guttata were present in all affected and fellow eyes. We believe this condition is a complication of aphakic contact lens wear, distinct from contact-lens-intolerance syndrome and aphakic bullous keratopathy.