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Hepatic gluconeogenic and ketogenic interrelationships in the lactating cow. 1984

R J Aiello, and T M Kenna, and J H Herbein

Interrelationships between propionate, palmitate, and butyrate metabolism were investigated in vitro with [1-carbon-14] carboxyl substrates. Production of labeled glucose, ketone bodies, and carbon dioxide was used to estimate rates of bovine hepatic gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. Incubations were with liver slices from eight lactating Holstein cows fed either a control or high concentrate-low fiber diet. Liver samples were acquired by trochar biopsy at 30, 60, 90, and 180 days postpartum. Ketone production from both palmitate and butyrate was highest in liver slices obtained at 30 days. Glucose production from labeled propionate was also highest in early lactation. The higher rates of gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis in early lactation were associated with higher hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.21) activity. Feeding the high concentrate enhanced gluconeogenesis from propionate and decreased ketogenesis from palmitate. Propionate addition (10 mM) to incubation media also decreased the total amount of palmitate oxidized [( carbon-14] dioxide plus [carbon-14] ketones). Diet had no effect on hepatic butyrate metabolism. Results indicated that ketogenesis is regulated via rate of long chain fatty acid transport into the mitochondria. Stage of lactation has a greater influence on long and short chain fatty acid metabolism than does diet composition.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007659 Ketones Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group Ketone
D007774 Lactation The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN. Lactation, Prolonged,Milk Secretion,Lactations, Prolonged,Milk Secretions,Prolonged Lactation,Prolonged Lactations
D008099 Liver A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances. Livers
D008892 Milk The off-white liquid secreted by the mammary glands of humans and other mammals. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals. Cow Milk,Cow's Milk,Milk, Cow,Milk, Cow's
D010169 Palmitic Acids A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds. Acids, Palmitic
D011247 Pregnancy The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH. Gestation,Pregnancies
D011422 Propionates Derivatives of propionic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxyethane structure. Propanoate,Propanoic Acid,Propionate,Propanoates,Propanoic Acid Derivatives,Propanoic Acids,Propionic Acid Derivatives,Propionic Acids,Acid, Propanoic,Acids, Propanoic,Acids, Propionic,Derivatives, Propanoic Acid,Derivatives, Propionic Acid
D001835 Body Weight The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms. Body Weights,Weight, Body,Weights, Body
D002087 Butyrates Derivatives of BUTYRIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxypropane structure. Butyrate,n-Butyrate,Butanoic Acids,Butyric Acids,Acids, Butanoic,Acids, Butyric,n Butyrate
D002334 Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of palmitoyl-CoA to palmitoylcarnitine in the inner mitochondrial membrane. EC 2.3.1.21. Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase,CPT II,Carnitine Acyltransferase I,Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase I,Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II,Palmitoylcarnitine Transferase,Palmitylcarnitine Acyltransferase,Acyltransferase I, Carnitine,Acyltransferase, Palmitylcarnitine,Carnitine O Palmitoyltransferase,II, Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase,O-Palmitoyltransferase, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase I, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase II, Carnitine,Palmitoyltransferase, Carnitine,Transferase, Palmitoylcarnitine

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