Biomaterial Database

Extracardiac malformations associated with congenital heart disease. 1978

E I Wallgren, and B Landtman, and J Rapola

The incidence of significant extracardiac malformations was determined in a combined clinical and autopsy study comprising 1000 infants and children with congenital heart disease treated and lost at the Children's Hospital in Helsinki. There were 567 boys and 433 girls. 1/4 of the children had a birthweight of 2500 g or less. 850 children were under 1 yr old. Death occurred during the 1st mth of life in 546 cases. Extracardiac malformations were encountered in 439 children. They were more common in girls than in boys. The incidence of associated malformations was comparatively high in infants with a low birthweight. The noncardiac anomalies were considered main causes of death in 1/3 of the cases. Extracardiac organs were involved in the following order of frequency: alimentary, skeletal, urogenital, central nervous and respiratory system. Of the main cardiac malformations, septal defects were associated with the highest and transposition of the great arteries with the lowest incidence of extracardiac anomalies. An accumulation of some defined noncardiac malformations was observed in patients with certain heart lesions.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007223	Infant	A child between 1 and 23 months of age.	Infants
D007230	Infant, Low Birth Weight	An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.	Low Birth Weight,Low-Birth-Weight Infant,Birth Weight, Low,Birth Weights, Low,Infant, Low-Birth-Weight,Infants, Low-Birth-Weight,Low Birth Weight Infant,Low Birth Weights,Low-Birth-Weight Infants
D007231	Infant, Newborn	An infant during the first 28 days after birth.	Neonate,Newborns,Infants, Newborn,Neonates,Newborn,Newborn Infant,Newborn Infants
D008297	Male		Males
D001842	Bone and Bones	A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principal cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.	Bone Tissue,Bone and Bone,Bone,Bones,Bones and Bone,Bones and Bone Tissue,Bony Apophyses,Bony Apophysis,Condyle,Apophyses, Bony,Apophysis, Bony,Bone Tissues,Condyles,Tissue, Bone,Tissues, Bone
D002490	Central Nervous System	The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.	Cerebrospinal Axis,Axi, Cerebrospinal,Axis, Cerebrospinal,Central Nervous Systems,Cerebrospinal Axi,Nervous System, Central,Nervous Systems, Central,Systems, Central Nervous
D002648	Child	A person 6 to 12 years of age. An individual 2 to 5 years old is CHILD, PRESCHOOL.	Children
D002675	Child, Preschool	A child between the ages of 2 and 5.	Children, Preschool,Preschool Child,Preschool Children
D004065	Digestive System Abnormalities	Congenital structural abnormalities of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.	Abnormalities, Digestive System,Abnormality, Digestive System,Digestive System Abnormality
D005260	Female		Females