Biomaterial Database

Phenobarbitone and the relationship between extraversion and reinforcement in verbal operant conditioning. 1984

U Gupta

The present investigation was designed to study the relationship between phenobarbitone, extraversion and modes of reinforcement in verbal operant conditioning. A factorial design involving three treatments (placebo and two doses, 30 and 100 mg, of phenobarbitone), two levels of extraversion (extraverts and introverts) and two reinforcement conditions ('good' and 'electric shock') with repeated measures on the first factor, was used. Sixty postgraduate female students were individually subjected to Taffel's verbal conditioning procedure. The results support the following conclusions: (1) under the placebo condition, the extraverted subjects condition better with the rewarding reinforcer ('good') while the introverted subjects condition better with the punishing reinforcer ('electric shock'); (2) under the influence of the smaller dose of the drug, as compared with the placebo, the conditioning scores of extraverted subjects increase with the punishing reinforcer but decrease with the rewarding reinforcer, while the conditioning scores of the introverted subjects decrease with the punishing reinforcer, under the influence of the larger dose of the drug, but remain uninfluenced with the rewarding reinforcer.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007439	Introversion, Psychological	A state in which attention is largely directed inward upon one's self.	Introversion (Psychology),Introversion, Psychology,Introversion,Psychological Introversion,Psychology Introversion
D010634	Phenobarbital	A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.	Phenemal,Phenobarbitone,Phenylbarbital,Gardenal,Hysteps,Luminal,Phenobarbital Sodium,Phenobarbital, Monosodium Salt,Phenylethylbarbituric Acid,Acid, Phenylethylbarbituric,Monosodium Salt Phenobarbital,Sodium, Phenobarbital
D012055	Reinforcement Schedule	A schedule prescribing when the subject is to be reinforced or rewarded in terms of temporal interval in psychological experiments. The schedule may be continuous or intermittent.	Reinforcement Schedules,Schedule, Reinforcement,Schedules, Reinforcement
D003216	Conditioning, Operant	Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.	Instrumental Learning,Learning, Instrumental,Operant Conditioning,Conditionings, Operant,Instrumental Learnings,Learnings, Instrumental,Operant Conditionings
D004305	Dose-Response Relationship, Drug	The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.	Dose Response Relationship, Drug,Dose-Response Relationships, Drug,Drug Dose-Response Relationship,Drug Dose-Response Relationships,Relationship, Drug Dose-Response,Relationships, Drug Dose-Response
D005120	Extraversion, Psychological	A state in which attention is largely directed outward from the self.	Extraversion (Psychology),Extraversion, Psychology,Extroversion, Psychological,Extroversion, Psychology,Extraversion,Extroversion,Extroversion (Psychology),Psychological Extraversion,Psychological Extroversion,Psychology Extraversion,Psychology Extraversions,Psychology Extroversion
D005260	Female		Females
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328	Adult	A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available.	Adults
D014705	Verbal Behavior	Includes both producing and responding to words, either written or spoken.	Behavior, Verbal,Behaviors, Verbal,Verbal Behaviors