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The morphologic effect of hyperosmolarity, equivalent to that seen in the tear film of patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), on rabbit corneal epithelium in vitro and in vivo was studied. In the in vitro studies, corneal epithelium was grown in explant cultures. Control tissue was cultured in a 307 mOsm/L medium. Epithelium cultured in the 333, 361 and 363 mOsm/L media showed decreased intercellular connections, blunting and loss of microplicae, disruptions in cell membranes and cellular swelling with decreased cytoplasmic density. In in vivo studies, corneas bathed in balanced salt solutions (BSS) concentrated to 330, 360, or 407 mOsm/L showed increased cell desquamation, and the cell changes observed at similar osmolarities in the in vitro studies. The tear film osmolarities observed in KCS are sufficient to cause the corneal epithelial changes seen in patients with this disease.
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K R Kenyon
June 1992,
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J P Gilbard, and
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J P Gilbard, and
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K R Kenyon
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January 1969,
Kaiin dayori. [Membership news]. Nippon Kontakuto Renzu Gakkai,
J P Gilbard, and
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Biulleten' eksperimental'noi biologii i meditsiny,
J P Gilbard, and
J B Carter, and
D N Sang, and
M F Refojo, and
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K R Kenyon
October 1977,
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science,
J P Gilbard, and
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K R Kenyon
March 1991,
Optometry and vision science : official publication of the American Academy of Optometry,
J P Gilbard, and
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M F Refojo, and
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K R Kenyon
September 1990,
Investigative ophthalmology & visual science,
J P Gilbard, and
J B Carter, and
D N Sang, and
M F Refojo, and
L A Hanninen, and
K R Kenyon
April 2006,
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin,
