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Three cases of pneumococcal endophthalmitis proven by paracentesis and direct bacteriologic evaluation were studied. Cultures were positive for pneumococcus in two the three cases. The fulminant course, and poor visual outcome emphasize the urgency of proper diagnosis by microscopic identification, and of intra-vitreal of injection of antibiotics sometimes associated with vitrectomy. Subconjunctival gentamicin commonly used in ophthalmologic surgery as prophylactic treatment, is often not effective against pneumococcus. It seems advisable to associate subconjunctival chloramphenicol with the gentamicin to help prevent this bacterial infection.
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