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This work deals with 8 own cases of esophagopleural fistula observed in 807 pneumonectomies with mortality rate of 37%. The pathogenesis as well as the treatment of esophagopleural fistulae based on world literature and own experience are discussed. The esophagopleural fistula is serious complication usually connected with pneumonectomy. Esophagography which should be done in every case after pneumonectomy ensures the diagnosis and before the operation shows any pathology of esophagus in its course and position. Small esophagopleural fistulae heal best after gastrostomy but larger ones require beside a double row suture of esophageal wall and additional covering with muscle flap.
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