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The serum concentration of CEA was measured twice, at intervals of 3 months, in 40 uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis. None of them had evidence of malignancy or of any other non-malignant condition known to affect serum CEA. 111 normal adults acted as controls. The mean serum concentration of the substance was significantly higher in hemodialyzed patients (5.32 +/- 3.68 ng/ml) than in controls (1.98 +/- 1.1 ng/ml) (P less than 0.001). Levels above normal were present in 40% and in 4.5% of the cases respectively (P less than 0.0005). Comparable results were obtained at the second examination. No correlations with sex, age, underlying nephropathy, time on dialysis, or cigarette smoking were found. It is concluded that the measurement of CEA cannot be recommended as a reliable test in the screening of cancer among uremic patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
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