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A group of patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus was investigated for HLA-A, B and DR antigens as well as C4 and factor B polymorphism. A significant excess of DR3/DR4 heterozygotes was observed (27% versus 17% by Hardy-Weinberg expectation). The factor B allele BfF1 was present in 13% of patients with Type 1 diabetes (gene frequency of 0.08 versus 0.01 in control subjects). A rare C4 B allele, C4 B2.9, was found in 18% of patients with Type 1 diabetes (n = 63) compared with 1.1% of control subjects (n = 176). Total C4 deficiency at the C4 A locus (C4 AQ0,0) was present in 10% of patients with Type 1 diabetes compared with 0% of control subjects. Examination of HLA, C4 and Bf phenotypes in patients with Type 1 diabetes suggested that three high risk supratypes, HLA-A1 B8 BfS C4 AQ0 C4 B1 DR3; HLA-B18 BfF1 C4 A3 C4 BQ0 DR3; HLA-A2 CW3 BW62 BfS C4 A3 C4 B2.9 DR4 are markers for susceptibility alleles.
J McCluskey, and
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P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
January 1991,
Disease markers,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
October 1987,
Diabetologia,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
June 1987,
Diabetologia,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
July 1983,
Diabetologia,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
December 1992,
The Journal of clinical investigation,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
October 1982,
Diabetologia,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
November 1984,
Diabetologia,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
December 1983,
The Tohoku journal of experimental medicine,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
January 1989,
Experimental and clinical immunogenetics,
J McCluskey, and
V J McCann, and
P H Kay, and
P J Zilko, and
F T Christiansen, and
G J O'Neill, and
R L Dawkins
July 1984,
Diabetologia,
