Biomaterial Database

Neural control of airway submucosal gland secretion. 1983

J A Nadel

Airway submucosal glands occupy a substantial volume of the large conducting airways and are regulated by vagal muscarinic nerves, alpha- and beta-adrenergic nerves, and nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves. Vagal nerves modulate various reflexes that increase gland secretion by stimulating release of granules from mucous and serous cells. Stimulated secretions are unaltered from baseline in biochemical and viscoelastic properties. Beta-adrenergic stimulation releases secretions containing relatively little fluid, high concentrations of protein and sulfur, low concentrations of lysozyme and higher viscosity and lower elasticity, and selectively depletes mucous cells. Alpha-adrenergic stimulation causes high fluid flows with low protein and sulfur concentrations, high lysozyme concentrations and low apparent viscosity, and selectively depletes granules from serous cells. Nonadrenergic noncholinergic nerves also stimulate mucin secretion, probably by releasing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009092	Mucous Membrane	An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.	Lamina Propria,Mucosa,Mucosal Tissue,Muscularis Mucosae,Mucous Membranes,Membrane, Mucous,Membranes, Mucous,Mucosae, Muscularis,Mucosal Tissues,Propria, Lamina,Tissue, Mucosal,Tissues, Mucosal
D012137	Respiratory System	The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.	Respiratory Tract,Respiratory Systems,Respiratory Tracts,System, Respiratory,Tract, Respiratory
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D005088	Exocrine Glands	Glands of external secretion that release its secretions to the body's cavities, organs, or surface, through a duct.	Exocrine Gland,Gland, Exocrine,Glands, Exocrine
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001369	Axons	Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.	Axon
D014132	Trachea	The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.	Tracheas
D014630	Vagus Nerve	The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).	Cranial Nerve X,Pneumogastric Nerve,Tenth Cranial Nerve,Nerve X,Nervus Vagus,Cranial Nerve, Tenth,Cranial Nerves, Tenth,Nerve X, Cranial,Nerve Xs,Nerve, Pneumogastric,Nerve, Tenth Cranial,Nerve, Vagus,Nerves, Pneumogastric,Nerves, Tenth Cranial,Nerves, Vagus,Pneumogastric Nerves,Tenth Cranial Nerves,Vagus Nerves,Vagus, Nervus