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Hearing loss was studied prospectively using auditory brainstem potentials in 34 children with Hemophilus influenzae meningitis treated with chloramphenicol and in 36 children with purulent meningitis caused by microorganisms other than H influenzae treated with ampicillin. Our results indicate that high doses of ampicillin are not associated with permanent hearing loss. Moreover, no statistically significant difference was found in the incidence of hearing loss following H influenzae meningitis and that following meningitis caused by other microorganisms, either during the acute phase or in the convalescent period. Neurological damage, when present, was probably located in the inner ear or in the auditory nerve. Finally, early hearing loss in purulent meningitis does not always constitute an irreversible lesion.
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