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Mechanism of calcification of porcine bioprosthetic aortic valve cusps: role of T-lymphocytes. 1983

R J Levy, and F J Schoen, and S L Howard

Calcification of glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine aortic valve bioprosthetic cusps limits their success as cardiac valve substitutes. Subcutaneous implants of porcine bioprostheses in rats and rabbits have provided a convenient experimental tool to study this calcification process. Previous clinical research has suggested that the host's immune response to the porcine xenograft tissue may contribute to the calcific degeneration. To investigate the possible contribution of the immune response, porcine bioprosthetic cusps implanted subcutaneously in congenitally athymic (nude) BALBc mice and normal controls were analyzed biochemically and histologically after retrieval at 21 days. Calcification was comparable in implants retrieved from athymic (calcium 95.5 +/- 24.5 micrograms/mg) and normal mice (calcium 102.3 +/- 4.66 micrograms/mg). Explants from nude mice demonstrated fewer adherent cells than those from normal animals, but the morphologic characteristics of the calcification were the same in both groups, with dystrophic mineralization of the spongiosa predominating. Thus, normal T-lymphocyte function is not necessary for porcine bioprosthetic calcification, and immunologic processes do not contribute to this process.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D008297 Male Males
D008819 Mice, Nude Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses. Athymic Mice,Mice, Athymic,Nude Mice,Mouse, Athymic,Mouse, Nude,Athymic Mouse,Nude Mouse
D002114 Calcinosis Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues. Calcification, Pathologic,Calcinosis, Tumoral,Microcalcification,Microcalcinosis,Pathologic Calcification,Calcinoses,Calcinoses, Tumoral,Microcalcifications,Microcalcinoses,Tumoral Calcinoses,Tumoral Calcinosis
D006349 Heart Valve Diseases Pathological conditions involving any of the various HEART VALVES and the associated structures (PAPILLARY MUSCLES and CHORDAE TENDINEAE). Heart Valvular Disease,Valvular Heart Diseases,Disease, Heart Valvular,Heart Disease, Valvular,Heart Valve Disease,Heart Valvular Diseases,Valve Disease, Heart,Valvular Disease, Heart,Valvular Heart Disease
D006350 Heart Valve Prosthesis A device that substitutes for a heart valve. It may be composed of biological material (BIOPROSTHESIS) and/or synthetic material. Prosthesis, Heart Valve,Cardiac Valve Prosthesis,Cardiac Valve Prostheses,Heart Valve Prostheses,Prostheses, Cardiac Valve,Prostheses, Heart Valve,Prosthesis, Cardiac Valve,Valve Prostheses, Cardiac,Valve Prostheses, Heart,Valve Prosthesis, Cardiac,Valve Prosthesis, Heart
D000818 Animals Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA. Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001021 Aortic Valve The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left ventricle. Aortic Valves,Valve, Aortic,Valves, Aortic
D001705 Bioprosthesis Prosthesis, usually heart valve, composed of biological material and whose durability depends upon the stability of the material after pretreatment, rather than regeneration by host cell ingrowth. Durability is achieved 1, mechanically by the interposition of a cloth, usually polytetrafluoroethylene, between the host and the graft, and 2, chemically by stabilization of the tissue by intermolecular linking, usually with glutaraldehyde, after removal of antigenic components, or the use of reconstituted and restructured biopolymers. Glutaraldehyde-Stabilized Grafts,Heterograft Bioprosthesis,Porcine Xenograft Bioprosthesis,Xenograft Bioprosthesis,Bioprostheses,Bioprostheses, Heterograft,Bioprostheses, Porcine Xenograft,Bioprostheses, Xenograft,Bioprosthesis, Heterograft,Bioprosthesis, Porcine Xenograft,Bioprosthesis, Xenograft,Glutaraldehyde Stabilized Grafts,Glutaraldehyde-Stabilized Graft,Graft, Glutaraldehyde-Stabilized,Grafts, Glutaraldehyde-Stabilized,Heterograft Bioprostheses,Porcine Xenograft Bioprostheses,Xenograft Bioprostheses,Xenograft Bioprostheses, Porcine,Xenograft Bioprosthesis, Porcine
D013601 T-Lymphocytes Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen. T Cell,T Lymphocyte,T-Cells,Thymus-Dependent Lymphocytes,Cell, T,Cells, T,Lymphocyte, T,Lymphocyte, Thymus-Dependent,Lymphocytes, T,Lymphocytes, Thymus-Dependent,T Cells,T Lymphocytes,T-Cell,T-Lymphocyte,Thymus Dependent Lymphocytes,Thymus-Dependent Lymphocyte
D051379 Mice The common name for the genus Mus. Mice, House,Mus,Mus musculus,Mice, Laboratory,Mouse,Mouse, House,Mouse, Laboratory,Mouse, Swiss,Mus domesticus,Mus musculus domesticus,Swiss Mice,House Mice,House Mouse,Laboratory Mice,Laboratory Mouse,Mice, Swiss,Swiss Mouse,domesticus, Mus musculus

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