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Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging with spin-echo techniques defines vascular structures with superb anatomic detail. Contrast agents are not necessary as there is intrinsic contrast between flowing blood and the vascular wall. The signal intensity from blood within the vessel lumen varies with the sequence of gradient and radiofrequency pulses used to generate the image as well as with the velocity of blood flow. Appropriate imaging techniques can optimize anatomic detail, distinguish slow from rapidly flowing blood, and serve to identify marked impairment or complete obstruction of flow in an artery or vein. Some examples of these principles in the intracranial circulation are illustrated.
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
January 1985,
Medical instrumentation,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
April 1982,
Radiology,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
January 1985,
The Medical journal of Australia,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
March 1984,
Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
April 1983,
Radiography,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
January 1984,
Annales de radiologie,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
January 1984,
Annales de radiologie,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
April 1984,
American journal of hospital pharmacy,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
February 1985,
Radiology,
C M Mills, and
M Brant-Zawadzki, and
L E Crooks, and
L Kaufman, and
P Sheldon, and
D Norman, and
W Bank, and
T H Newton
January 1986,
Cardiovascular and interventional radiology,
