Changes in learning and memory processes that occur with senescence were investigated in male and female Fischer 344 rats, 3-26 mth of age. Age-related impairments were seen in retention of inhibitory avoidance learning, acquisition of a Y-maze discrimination task, and in a swim escape task with short intertrial training intervals. In contrast, old animals performed better than the young rats in an active avoidance task. No age differences were observed in either open field activity or in flinch or jump thresholds to footshock. These results indicate that impairments in learning and memory processes of aged rats are task-specific, and that memory deficits in old rats are best seen following one-time-only events or with weak training. The behavioral baselines described will help in the design of further research to correlate memory and neurobiological changes observed during the aging process in the rat.