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Owing to the biophysical properties involved, the Nd:YAG laser is most suited for coagulation of even inhomogeneous tissue. We determined the optimal laser parameters for therapy of urinary bladder tumors. Deep homogeneous necroses can be obtained without perforation risk of the bladder wall, and the procedure does not cause dangerous damage to the intestinal loops. We have studied animal experiments by close examination and systematic inquiry, and thus we were able to determine sufficient laser parameters in dependence on tissue thickness. Clinical studies verified these results for living human tissue. After some years of clinical use of the Nd:YAG laser we can make the first statistical statements.
K Rothenberger, and
J Pensel, and
A Hofstetter, and
E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
January 1979,
European urology,
K Rothenberger, and
J Pensel, and
A Hofstetter, and
E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
October 1982,
Urology,
K Rothenberger, and
J Pensel, and
A Hofstetter, and
E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
July 1982,
Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai zasshi. The japanese journal of urology,
K Rothenberger, and
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E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
January 1988,
Urologia internationalis,
K Rothenberger, and
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E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
April 1948,
New York state journal of medicine,
K Rothenberger, and
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E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
July 1978,
Helvetica chirurgica acta,
K Rothenberger, and
J Pensel, and
A Hofstetter, and
E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
January 2003,
Lasers in surgery and medicine,
K Rothenberger, and
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A Hofstetter, and
E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
January 1986,
Urologiia i nefrologiia,
K Rothenberger, and
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A Hofstetter, and
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F Frank
January 1987,
Khirurgiia,
K Rothenberger, and
J Pensel, and
A Hofstetter, and
E Keiditsch, and
F Frank
July 1978,
Helvetica chirurgica acta,
