Seven patients with carcinoma in situ respectively epidermoid carcinoma of the vagina after treatment of analogous lesions of the cervix are presented. The seven case reports are shortly discussed. All these cases of carcinoma occurred after treatment of primary lesions with abdominal hysterectomy. As the main reason for the occurrence of secondary carcinoma of the vagina the author considers the following facts: The insufficient removal of the primary lesions, the multicentric development of carcinoma and the missed detection of a yet invasive neoplastic change at the occasion of the first disease. The results are compared to those of other authors. The observations lead the author to the following consequences: The in situ lesion of the cervix should be treated with a vaginal hysterectomy in combination with a removal of a vaginal cuff after a Schiller test. Patients with carcinoma in situ of the cervix should be followed by cytologic controls. Preinvasive lesions of the vagina should be treated surgically whereas invasive vaginal carcinoma demands radiotherapy.