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When mice were immunized intravenously, subcutaneously, or by the footpad route with formaldehyde-killed Trypanosoma rhodesiense, delayed-type hypersensitivity was elicited by the use of frozen-thawed trypanosomal antigen. The delayed footpad swelling technique was used to measure delayed hypersensitivity. Hypersensitivity induction was dose dependent (greater than or equal to 10(6) formaldehyde-treated T. rhodesiense) and was affected by the route of immunization. The footpad route induced higher levels of hypersensitivity than other routes of immunization. Mice immunized with a single dose of formaldehyde-treated antigen and challenged with live T. rhodesiense did not survive. Yet, mice immunized subcutaneously with formaldehyde-treated antigen and then injected with frozen-thawed antigen and challenged 28 days after immunization survived. The results suggest that T-cell activation, manifested by delayed hypersensitivity responses, was a necessary component in the protective response, perhaps functioning in a helper cell capacity.
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
February 1977,
Journal of general microbiology,
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
January 1978,
Developments in biological standardization,
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
December 1986,
Zhurnal mikrobiologii, epidemiologii i immunobiologii,
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
June 1987,
Journal of clinical & laboratory immunology,
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
February 1988,
Experimental parasitology,
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
January 1981,
Mikrobiologicheskii zhurnal,
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
January 1980,
Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde (Berlin, Germany),
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
December 1979,
Experimental parasitology,
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
December 1971,
Infection and immunity,
J F Finerty, and
E P Krehl, and
R L McKelvin
January 1998,
Journal of dermatological science,
