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Epileptic women have a greater risk for spontaneous abortions and children with birth defects than do nonepileptics. In a unique approach to identifying causes of these problems, we have cultured whole rat embryos for 48 h on blood sera from epileptics. In the first part of the study, three embryos were cultured on each serum sample from 128 different epileptics being treated with either single anticonvulsants or no drug to compare the teratogenicity of these drugs. Sera from subjects receiving either phenobarbital or no drug had comparable frequencies of cultured embryo abnormalities, which were lower than those from subjects taking phenytoin, valproic acid, or carbamazepine. In the second phase of the study, attempts to identify causes for serum teratogenicity led to the finding that the abnormalities and reduced embryo growth produced by many serum samples could be completely overcome by adding vitamins and/or amino acids to the serum. Of 53 samples tested, 32 (60%) were corrected by supplementation (17 of 23 phenytoin, seven of nine phenobarbital, six of 12 carbamazepine, none of six valproic acid, and two of three no drug). Although the results of this study provided a general assessment of drug teratogenicity that agreed with other studies and emphasized the role of nutrition in fetal defects, the importance of individual differences in causes of teratogenicity was also noted.
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
January 1983,
Research publications - Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease,
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
November 1985,
American journal of medical genetics,
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
November 1984,
American journal of medical genetics,
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
April 2001,
The New England journal of medicine,
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
January 1991,
Teratology,
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
May 1980,
Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift (1946),
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
July 1985,
Federation proceedings,
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
January 1992,
Archives of toxicology,
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
April 2002,
Journal of medical genetics,
C L Chatot, and
N W Klein, and
M L Clapper, and
S R Resor, and
W D Singer, and
B S Russman, and
G L Holmes, and
R H Mattson, and
J A Cramer
November 1984,
American journal of medical genetics,
