-transparent.png){kind=logo}
Thirteen Cambodian refugees who had survived 2-4 years of concentration camp experience met the DSM-III criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder. Their predominant symptoms were avoidance, hyperactive startle reactions, emotional numbness, intrusive thoughts, and nightmares, which had lasted at least 3 years after the imprisonment. The patients' avoidance of thoughts or discussion of the past and the shame they felt about Cambodia's history made diagnosis and treatment difficult. These findings give cross-cultural validation to the diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder and should alert clinicians to its existence in a population not previously studied.
Related Publications
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
August 1985,
The American journal of psychiatry,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
January 1994,
The International journal of social psychiatry,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
July 1997,
Journal of traumatic stress,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
September 1989,
The Journal of nervous and mental disease,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
December 2001,
Psychological reports,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
September 1995,
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
July 2022,
Journal of interpersonal violence,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
February 2000,
The Clinical neuropsychologist,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
January 2008,
Cognitive behaviour therapy,
J D Kinzie, and
R H Fredrickson, and
R Ben, and
J Fleck, and
W Karls
December 2021,
Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland),
