A review of 28 cases of biopsy-proven lupus nephritis seen in Prince Henry's Hospital, Melbourne, in the last 12 years from 1971 to 1982 is reported. The mean follow-up period was 51 months. Renal histopathological changes were categorized according to the WHO classification of lupus nephritis. The majority of our patient population fell into two of the seven possible histological subgroups - Class IV (diffuse proliferative) disease (53.6%) and Class IIb (mesangial proliferative) disease (28.5%). Treatment with prednisolone alone or with a prednisolone/azathioprine combination resulted in an equal five-year survival (82%) and a similar overall preservation of renal function. The major single cause of death was opportunistic infection (60%). Despite overrepresentation of the more severe forms of lupus nephritis in a nephrology-unit population, there was a satisfactory outcome from therapy with either prednisolone alone or with a prenisolone /azathioprine combination. However, there were significant rates of morbidity and death associated with immunosuppressive therapy, primarily from opportunistic infection.