Biomaterial Database

Surface investigations of oxide layers on cobalt-chromium-alloyed orthopedic implants using ESCA technique. 1978

J Ohnsorge, and R Holm

The uppermost monolayers of a metal implant are far more important for the corrosion resistance than the alloy itself. Using electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) technique these oxide layers on Vitallium specimens were investigated regarding thickness, elemental composition, and valence state of the elements. The oxide layers on metal implants are not very strong, as they can be easily damaged mechanically. According to environmental conditions, oxide layers of different elemental composition can be grown on the same specimen.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007595	Joint Prosthesis	Prostheses used to partially or totally replace a human or animal joint. (from UMDNS, 1999)	Joint Prostheses,Prostheses, Joint,Prosthesis, Joint
D008670	Metals	Electropositive chemical elements characterized by ductility, malleability, luster, and conductance of heat and electricity. They can replace the hydrogen of an acid and form bases with hydroxyl radicals. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	Metal
D008855	Microscopy, Electron, Scanning	Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.	Scanning Electron Microscopy,Electron Scanning Microscopy,Electron Microscopies, Scanning,Electron Microscopy, Scanning,Electron Scanning Microscopies,Microscopies, Electron Scanning,Microscopies, Scanning Electron,Microscopy, Electron Scanning,Microscopy, Scanning Electron,Scanning Electron Microscopies,Scanning Microscopies, Electron,Scanning Microscopy, Electron
D008982	Molybdenum	A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.95. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase.	Molybdenum-98,Molybdenum 98
D009984	Orthopedic Fixation Devices	Devices which are used in the treatment of orthopedic injuries and diseases.	Device, Orthopedic Fixation,Devices, Orthopedic Fixation,Fixation Device, Orthopedic,Fixation Devices, Orthopedic,Orthopedic Fixation Device
D010087	Oxides	Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.	Oxide
D002857	Chromium	A trace element that plays a role in glucose metabolism. It has the atomic symbol Cr, atomic number 24, and atomic weight 52. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP85-002,1985), chromium and some of its compounds have been listed as known carcinogens.
D002858	Chromium Alloys	Specific alloys not less than 85% chromium and nickel or cobalt, with traces of either nickel or cobalt, molybdenum, and other substances. They are used in partial dentures, orthopedic implants, etc.	Chromium-Cobalt Alloys,Chromium-Nickel Alloys,Cobalt-Chromium Alloys,Nickel-Chromium Alloys,Alloys, Chromium,Alloys, Chromium-Cobalt,Alloys, Chromium-Nickel,Alloys, Cobalt-Chromium,Alloys, Nickel-Chromium,Chromium Cobalt Alloys,Chromium Nickel Alloys,Cobalt Chromium Alloys,Nickel Chromium Alloys
D003035	Cobalt	A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.	Cobalt-59,Cobalt 59
D006358	Hot Temperature	Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.	Heat,Hot Temperatures,Temperature, Hot,Temperatures, Hot