Biomaterial Database

A morphologic overview of the porcine bioprosthetic valve--before and after its degeneration. 1984

J M Riddle, and J J Jennings, and P D Stein, and D J Magilligan

Patients with valvular heart disease have had their diseased, natural heart valves replaced with the porcine aortic bioprosthetic valve (Hancock type) at Henry Ford Hospital since 1971. This commercially available valvular bioprosthesis is characterized by 1) loss of endothelium from both surfaces of the leaflets, 2) modification in the organization of the fibrous connective tissue of the leaflet, and 3) a reduction in the macromolecular complexes (proteoglycan) of the extracellular matrix. Subendothelial components are therefore exposed to the circulating blood. This bioprosthetic heart valve undergoes degeneration after it is inserted into patients for various lengths of time. Prominent features of the degenerated porcine bioprosthetic valve include 1) penetration of plasma proteins into the interior of the leaflet, 2) adhesion of various types of leukocytes (mononuclear cells and granulocytes) to the surfaces of the leaflets, 3) deposition of single platelets, platelet aggregates and microthrombi onto the leaflet's surface, 4) destruction of collagen fibers, and 5) pathologic deposition of calcium salts. The mechanisms responsible for the degeneration of the porcine aortic bioprosthetic valve are incompletely understood at this time.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008855	Microscopy, Electron, Scanning	Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.	Scanning Electron Microscopy,Electron Scanning Microscopy,Electron Microscopies, Scanning,Electron Microscopy, Scanning,Electron Scanning Microscopies,Microscopies, Electron Scanning,Microscopies, Scanning Electron,Microscopy, Electron Scanning,Microscopy, Scanning Electron,Scanning Electron Microscopies,Scanning Microscopies, Electron,Scanning Microscopy, Electron
D003238	Connective Tissue	Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.	Connective Tissues,Tissue, Connective,Tissues, Connective
D004868	Equipment Failure	Failure of equipment to perform to standard. The failure may be due to defects or improper use.	Defects, Equipment,Device Failure,Failure, Equipment,Malfunction, Equipment,Medical Device Failure,Misuse, Equipment,Device Failure, Medical,Device Failures, Medical,Failure, Medical Device,Failures, Medical Device,Defect, Equipment,Device Failures,Equipment Defect,Equipment Defects,Equipment Failures,Equipment Malfunction,Equipment Malfunctions,Equipment Misuse,Equipment Misuses,Failure, Device,Failures, Device,Failures, Equipment,Malfunctions, Equipment,Misuses, Equipment
D006350	Heart Valve Prosthesis	A device that substitutes for a heart valve. It may be composed of biological material (BIOPROSTHESIS) and/or synthetic material.	Prosthesis, Heart Valve,Cardiac Valve Prosthesis,Cardiac Valve Prostheses,Heart Valve Prostheses,Prostheses, Cardiac Valve,Prostheses, Heart Valve,Prosthesis, Cardiac Valve,Valve Prostheses, Cardiac,Valve Prostheses, Heart,Valve Prosthesis, Cardiac,Valve Prosthesis, Heart
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D001021	Aortic Valve	The valve between the left ventricle and the ascending aorta which prevents backflow into the left ventricle.	Aortic Valves,Valve, Aortic,Valves, Aortic
D001705	Bioprosthesis	Prosthesis, usually heart valve, composed of biological material and whose durability depends upon the stability of the material after pretreatment, rather than regeneration by host cell ingrowth. Durability is achieved 1, mechanically by the interposition of a cloth, usually polytetrafluoroethylene, between the host and the graft, and 2, chemically by stabilization of the tissue by intermolecular linking, usually with glutaraldehyde, after removal of antigenic components, or the use of reconstituted and restructured biopolymers.	Glutaraldehyde-Stabilized Grafts,Heterograft Bioprosthesis,Porcine Xenograft Bioprosthesis,Xenograft Bioprosthesis,Bioprostheses,Bioprostheses, Heterograft,Bioprostheses, Porcine Xenograft,Bioprostheses, Xenograft,Bioprosthesis, Heterograft,Bioprosthesis, Porcine Xenograft,Bioprosthesis, Xenograft,Glutaraldehyde Stabilized Grafts,Glutaraldehyde-Stabilized Graft,Graft, Glutaraldehyde-Stabilized,Grafts, Glutaraldehyde-Stabilized,Heterograft Bioprostheses,Porcine Xenograft Bioprostheses,Xenograft Bioprostheses,Xenograft Bioprostheses, Porcine,Xenograft Bioprosthesis, Porcine
D013552	Swine	Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).	Phacochoerus,Pigs,Suidae,Warthogs,Wart Hogs,Hog, Wart,Hogs, Wart,Wart Hog