Biomaterial Database

Medullary control of the pontine swallowing neurones in sheep. 1984

M Amri, and A Car, and A Jean

The origin of the inputs from the medullary swallowing centre (dorsal region including the nucleus of the solitary tract, or ventral region corresponding to the reticular formation surrounding the nucleus ambigous) to the pontine swallowing neurones (PSNs) was studied in sheep anaesthetized with halothane. Out of 101 PSNs located in the posterior part of the trigeminal (Vth) motor nucleus, 46 were activated by stimulating either the dorsal (21 neurones) or the ventral (25 neurones) region of the ipsilateral medullary swallowing centre, 3-4 mm rostral from the obex. Thirty-one neurones out of the 46 were identified as alpha motoneurones supplying swallowing muscles (mylohyoïd, anterior body of digastric and medial pterygoïd). Their average activation latency through stimulation of the dorsal medullary region was about 1 ms longer than through stimulation of the ventral region (3.63 ms +/- 0.81 versus 2.72 ms +/- 0.32). To determine the origin of the medullary input to the PSNs, we tried to activate the medullary swallowing neurones (MSNs) antidromically through stimulating the posterior part of the Vth motor nucleus, which contains the swallowing motoneurones. Seventy-three MSNs were tested (25 located in the dorsal and 48 in the ventral region). None of the dorsal neurones tested could be antidromically activated by pontine stimulation: 15 ventral neurones showed a clear antidromic response (collision test) with an average latency of 2.5 ms +/- 0.73. These neurones, which send their axons into the pons, were all located in the reticular formation, above the nucleus ambiguus, 3-4 mm rostral from the obex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007821	Laryngeal Muscles	The striated muscle groups which move the LARYNX as a whole or its parts, such as altering tension of the VOCAL CORDS, or size of the slit (RIMA GLOTTIDIS).	Cricothyroid Muscles,Aryepiglottic Muscle,Arytenoid Muscle,Cricoarytenoid Muscles,Thyroarytenoid Muscles,Thyroepiglottic Muscle,Vocal Muscle,Vocalis Muscle,Aryepiglottic Muscles,Arytenoid Muscles,Cricoarytenoid Muscle,Cricothyroid Muscle,Laryngeal Muscle,Muscle, Aryepiglottic,Muscle, Arytenoid,Muscle, Cricoarytenoid,Muscle, Cricothyroid,Muscle, Laryngeal,Muscle, Thyroarytenoid,Muscle, Thyroepiglottic,Muscle, Vocal,Muscle, Vocalis,Muscles, Aryepiglottic,Muscles, Arytenoid,Muscles, Cricoarytenoid,Muscles, Cricothyroid,Muscles, Laryngeal,Muscles, Thyroarytenoid,Muscles, Thyroepiglottic,Muscles, Vocal,Muscles, Vocalis,Thyroarytenoid Muscle,Thyroepiglottic Muscles,Vocal Muscles,Vocalis Muscles
D008526	Medulla Oblongata	The lower portion of the BRAIN STEM. It is inferior to the PONS and anterior to the CEREBELLUM. Medulla oblongata serves as a relay station between the brain and the spinal cord, and contains centers for regulating respiratory, vasomotor, cardiac, and reflex activities.	Accessory Cuneate Nucleus,Ambiguous Nucleus,Arcuate Nucleus of the Medulla,Arcuate Nucleus-1,External Cuneate Nucleus,Lateral Cuneate Nucleus,Nucleus Ambiguus,Ambiguus, Nucleus,Arcuate Nucleus 1,Arcuate Nucleus-1s,Cuneate Nucleus, Accessory,Cuneate Nucleus, External,Cuneate Nucleus, Lateral,Medulla Oblongatas,Nucleus, Accessory Cuneate,Nucleus, Ambiguous,Nucleus, External Cuneate,Nucleus, Lateral Cuneate
D009046	Motor Neurons	Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.	Neurons, Motor,Alpha Motorneurons,Motoneurons,Motor Neurons, Alpha,Neurons, Alpha Motor,Alpha Motor Neuron,Alpha Motor Neurons,Alpha Motorneuron,Motoneuron,Motor Neuron,Motor Neuron, Alpha,Motorneuron, Alpha,Motorneurons, Alpha,Neuron, Alpha Motor,Neuron, Motor
D009474	Neurons	The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.	Nerve Cells,Cell, Nerve,Cells, Nerve,Nerve Cell,Neuron
D010609	Pharyngeal Muscles	The muscles of the PHARYNX are voluntary muscles arranged in two layers. The external circular layer consists of three constrictors (superior, middle, and inferior). The internal longitudinal layer consists of the palatopharyngeus, the salpingopharyngeus, and the stylopharyngeus. During swallowing, the outer layer constricts the pharyngeal wall and the inner layer elevates pharynx and LARYNX.	Palatopharyngeus,Muscles of Pharynx,Palatopharyngeal Muscle,Salpingopharyngeus,Stylopharyngeus,Velopharyngeal Muscle,Muscle, Palatopharyngeal,Muscle, Pharyngeal,Muscle, Velopharyngeal,Muscles, Pharyngeal,Pharyngeal Muscle,Pharynx Muscle,Pharynx Muscles
D011149	Pons	The front part of the hindbrain (RHOMBENCEPHALON) that lies between the MEDULLA and the midbrain (MESENCEPHALON) ventral to the cerebellum. It is composed of two parts, the dorsal and the ventral. The pons serves as a relay station for neural pathways between the CEREBELLUM to the CEREBRUM.	Pons Varolii,Ponte,Pons Varolius,Pontes,Varolii, Pons,Varolius, Pons
D001931	Brain Mapping	Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.	Brain Electrical Activity Mapping,Functional Cerebral Localization,Topographic Brain Mapping,Brain Mapping, Topographic,Functional Cerebral Localizations,Mapping, Brain,Mapping, Topographic Brain
D003679	Deglutition	The act of taking solids and liquids into the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT through the mouth and throat.	Swallowing,Deglutitions,Swallowings
D004558	Electric Stimulation	Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.	Stimulation, Electric,Electrical Stimulation,Electric Stimulations,Electrical Stimulations,Stimulation, Electrical,Stimulations, Electric,Stimulations, Electrical
D004576	Electromyography	Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.	Electromyogram,Surface Electromyography,Electromyograms,Electromyographies,Electromyographies, Surface,Electromyography, Surface,Surface Electromyographies