Effects of disulfiram and calcium cyanamide, antialcoholic drugs, on schedule-induced ethanol drinking as well as on schedule-controlled response (lever-pressing) under a fixed interval 1 min schedule of food reinforcement were investigated in Wistar strain rats. When ethanol solution was available, the schedule-induced ethanol drinking decreased depending on the ethanol concentration (2-8%). However, the dose of ethanol intake during the 1 hr experimental session was at maximum (2.8 g/kg) when 4% ethanol solution was available. Thereafter, 4% ethanol solution was used in the experiment for studying the effects of disulfiram and calcium cyanamide on the schedule-induced ethanol drinking. Disulfiram (100-200 mg/kg, p.o.), pretreated at 1 hr before the start of the experiment, tended to suppress schedule-induced water drinking. However, the same treatment of calcium cyanamide (5-10 mg/kg, p.o.) did not produce a marked change in it. In contrast, disulfiram (100 and 200 mg/kg) and calcium cyanamide (5 and 10 mg/kg) markedly suppressed schedule-induced ethanol drinking without eliciting a marked change in schedule-controlled response. The present results suggest that both disulfiram and calcium cyanamide selectively suppress ethanol drinking in rats.