Methods of processing ocular fluid specimens, mainly from vitreous surgery, are described. Cytopreparatory techniques using Millipore filtration and Papanicolaou staining for cytology, celloidin bags for cell blocks, air-dried and wet smears and electron microscopy are discussed regarding the details of the methods and their role in the pathologic diagnosis of eye disease. Methods of evaluating tissue scrapings from the cornea and conjunctiva are also reviewed.