Biomaterial Database

Endemic aminoglycoside resistance in gram-negative bacilli: epidemiology and mechanisms. 1980

R A Weinstein, and C Nathan, and R Gruensfelder, and S A Kabins

Isolates of gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens peaked at nine to 10 per month in 1973-1974. Instituting barrier-type precautions during 1974-1977 was associated with a sustained 87% reduction in resistant Enterobacteriaceae. The number of resistant Pseudomonadaceae fell temporarily by 28%, paralleling gentamicin usage. During an endemic 15-month period in 1976-1977 nonenzymatically mediated resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa often emerged after aminoglycoside therapy in patients who had prior carriage of sensitive strains of the same serotype (P = 0.002); this resistance was associated with wound or sputum isolates (P = 0.003). Resistant Enterobacteriaceae more often demonstrated the converse, that is, spread of urinary tract isolates with enzymatically mediated resistance from patients not on aminoglycoside therapy. These findings suggest that control measures to minimize occurrence of resistant bacilli include barrier-type precautions for patients with resistant Enterobacteriaceae, evaluation of transfers and readmissions as a source of resistant organisms, and reduction of aminoglycoside use to decrease the selection of nonenzymatic resistance.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007709	Klebsiella	A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms arrange singly, in pairs, or short chains. This genus is commonly found in the intestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen that can give rise to bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract and several other types of human infection.
D008826	Microbial Sensitivity Tests	Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).	Bacterial Sensitivity Tests,Drug Sensitivity Assay, Microbial,Minimum Inhibitory Concentration,Antibacterial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Antibiogram,Antimicrobial Susceptibility Breakpoint Determination,Bacterial Sensitivity Test,Breakpoint Determination, Antibacterial Susceptibility,Breakpoint Determination, Antimicrobial Susceptibility,Fungal Drug Sensitivity Tests,Fungus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Sensitivity Test, Bacterial,Sensitivity Tests, Bacterial,Test, Bacterial Sensitivity,Tests, Bacterial Sensitivity,Viral Drug Sensitivity Tests,Virus Drug Sensitivity Tests,Antibiograms,Concentration, Minimum Inhibitory,Concentrations, Minimum Inhibitory,Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum,Inhibitory Concentrations, Minimum,Microbial Sensitivity Test,Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations,Sensitivity Test, Microbial,Sensitivity Tests, Microbial,Test, Microbial Sensitivity,Tests, Microbial Sensitivity
D009428	Netilmicin	Semisynthetic 1-N-ethyl derivative of SISOMYCIN, an aminoglycoside antibiotic with action similar to gentamicin, but less ear and kidney toxicity.	Certomycin,Netillin,Netilmicin Sulfate,Netrocin,Netromicina,Netromycin,Netromycine,Nétromicine,Sch-20569,Sch 20569,Sch20569
D011548	Pseudomonadaceae	A family of gram-negative bacteria usually found in soil or water and including many plant pathogens and a few animal pathogens.	Azomonas,Azomonas agilis,Azotobacteraceae
D011550	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.	Bacillus aeruginosus,Bacillus pyocyaneus,Bacterium aeruginosum,Bacterium pyocyaneum,Micrococcus pyocyaneus,Pseudomonas polycolor,Pseudomonas pyocyanea
D002641	Chicago	A city in Illinois.
D003428	Cross Infection	Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.	Hospital Infections,Nosocomial Infections,Health Care Associated Infection,Health Care Associated Infections,Healthcare Associated Infections,Infection, Cross,Infections, Hospital,Infections, Nosocomial,Cross Infections,Healthcare Associated Infection,Hospital Infection,Infection, Healthcare Associated,Infection, Hospital,Infection, Nosocomial,Infections, Cross,Infections, Healthcare Associated,Nosocomial Infection
D004196	Disease Outbreaks	Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.	Outbreaks,Infectious Disease Outbreaks,Disease Outbreak,Disease Outbreak, Infectious,Disease Outbreaks, Infectious,Infectious Disease Outbreak,Outbreak, Disease,Outbreak, Infectious Disease,Outbreaks, Disease,Outbreaks, Infectious Disease
D004352	Drug Resistance, Microbial	The ability of microorganisms, especially bacteria, to resist or to become tolerant to chemotherapeutic agents, antimicrobial agents, or antibiotics. This resistance may be acquired through gene mutation or foreign DNA in transmissible plasmids (R FACTORS).	Antibiotic Resistance,Antibiotic Resistance, Microbial,Antimicrobial Resistance, Drug,Antimicrobial Drug Resistance,Antimicrobial Drug Resistances,Antimicrobial Resistances, Drug,Drug Antimicrobial Resistance,Drug Antimicrobial Resistances,Drug Resistances, Microbial,Resistance, Antibiotic,Resistance, Drug Antimicrobial,Resistances, Drug Antimicrobial
D004754	Enterobacter	Gram-negative gas-producing rods found in feces of humans and other animals, sewage, soil, water, and dairy products.