Biomaterial Database

[The history of local anesthesia (author's transl)]. 1980

J Stahnke

Methods of local anesthesia by compression in classical antiquity found supporters in the New Era in A. Paré, in I. M. Velpeau and finally J. v. Esmarch gave it a very practicable form in 1873. Cold was tried by Severinus in the 17th century. In 1866 B. Richardson introduced the ether atomizer. Ethyl chloride has been used since about 1882. Cocaine won its place in ophthalmology through the efforts of K. Koller in 1884 and opened the way to surface anesthesia. The Scotsman A. Wood introduced the principle of conduction anesthesia in 1855 with his hypodermic injection. K. Schleich (1892) is looked upon as the pioneer of infiltration anesthesia. H. Braun takes the credit for the addition of adrenaline when using procaine (1900).

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D010946	Plants, Medicinal	Plants whose roots, leaves, seeds, bark, or other constituent parts possess therapeutic, tonic, purgative, curative or other pharmacologic attributes, when administered to man or animals.	Herbs, Medicinal,Medicinal Herbs,Healing Plants,Medicinal Plants,Pharmaceutical Plants,Healing Plant,Herb, Medicinal,Medicinal Herb,Medicinal Plant,Pharmaceutical Plant,Plant, Healing,Plant, Medicinal,Plant, Pharmaceutical,Plants, Healing,Plants, Pharmaceutical
D011312	Pressure	A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)	Pressures
D011343	Procaine	A local anesthetic of the ester type that has a slow onset and a short duration of action. It is mainly used for infiltration anesthesia, peripheral nerve block, and spinal block. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1016).	Anuject,Geriocaine,Gerokit,Hewedolor-Procain,Lophakomp-Procain N,Novocain,Novocaine,Procain Braun,Procain Jenapharm,Procain Rödler,Procain Steigerwald,Procain curasan,Procaina Serra,Procaine Hydrochloride,Pröcaine chlorhydrate Lavoisier,Röwo Procain,procain-loges,Hydrochloride, Procaine
D003042	Cocaine	An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.	Cocaine HCl,Cocaine Hydrochloride,HCl, Cocaine,Hydrochloride, Cocaine
D003080	Cold Temperature	An absence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably below an accustomed norm.	Cold,Cold Temperatures,Temperature, Cold,Temperatures, Cold
D004837	Epinephrine	The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.	Adrenaline,4-(1-Hydroxy-2-(methylamino)ethyl)-1,2-benzenediol,Adrenaline Acid Tartrate,Adrenaline Bitartrate,Adrenaline Hydrochloride,Epifrin,Epinephrine Acetate,Epinephrine Bitartrate,Epinephrine Hydrochloride,Epinephrine Hydrogen Tartrate,Epitrate,Lyophrin,Medihaler-Epi,Acetate, Epinephrine
D004987	Ethers	Organic compounds having two alkyl or aryl groups bonded to an oxygen atom, as in the formula R1–O–R2.
D005018	Ethyl Chloride	A gas that condenses under slight pressure. Because of its low boiling point ethyl chloride sprayed on skin produces an intense cold by evaporation. Cold blocks nerve conduction. Ethyl chloride has been used in surgery but is primarily used to relieve local pain in sports medicine.	Chloroethane,Chloraethyl Dr. Henning,Cloretilo Chemirosa,Gebauer's Ethyl Chloride,WariActiv,Chemirosa, Cloretilo,Chloride, Ethyl,Gebauer Ethyl Chloride,Gebauers Ethyl Chloride
D005858	Germany	A country in central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark. The capital is Berlin.
D006801	Humans	Members of the species Homo sapiens.	Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man