Authors review and bring up to date problems related to prophylaxis and treatment of streptococcus infections in children. In those caused by the Group A streptococcus, the problem is rather one of medical education and practical application of techniques, and medicines. Active vaccination is still a remote possibility. In the case of streptococcus B and its perinatological incidence, there is still no standard therapeutic prophylaxis covering both the mother and child. With reference to streptococcus D plans proposed are somewhat discordant since it is difficult to carry out studies with sufficiently large groups but there are also proposals which can be carried out perfectly well and are reasonably safe. As far as the infectious, and to a great extent contagious, processes are concerned, measures of individual and collective hygiene are particularly important.