Neisseria meningitidis isolates from contacts, mostly family members, of 27 unrelated meningococcal disease patients were examined by serogrouping, serotyping, and a recently described sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis typing procedure. Most of the isolates were serogroup B or C. Serotyping and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis typing now provide a more precise means than serogrouping for determining the epidemiological relationships among patient isolates and those of related carriers. In 70% of the families studied, all contact carriers had strains indistinguishable from that of the patient. In the other 30%, more than one meningococcal strain was recovered from the family. Sixty percent of the carrier isolates were recovered from adults. It was found that, among household contacts, the mother was most likely and the father was least likely to carry the disease isolate. Nonhousehold contacts were least likely to carry the disease isolate.