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Tin(II) at concentrations up to 500 microM stannous chloride (SnCl2), produced extensive DNA damage, as detected by alkaline sucrose gradient (ASG) analysis in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells treated for 1 h at 37 degrees C in serum-free minimal essential medium (MEM). However treatment of cells with tin(IV), as stannic chloride (SnCl4), produced no such DNA damage. There was no loss in colony formation 6 days after either treatment suggesting that the DNA damage induced by the tin(II) was rapidly repaired and/or that DNA synthesis proceeded on the damaged templates permitting cell division to occur. Alternatively, the type of DNA damage caused by tin(II) may not lead to a reduction in colony-forming ability. Tin(II) produced about 200 times more ASG detectable DNA damage on an equi-molar basis than did Cr(VI), a known human carcinogen. This study indicates that tin(II) may be potentially genotoxic.
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