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Uptake and distribution of halothane in infants: in vivo measurements and computer simulations. 1983

B W Brandom, and R B Brandom, and D R Cook

We measured uptake of halothane (the fraction of halothane in expired gas divided by the fraction of halothane in inspired gas, FE/FI) with a mass spectrometer over time in 7 infants less than 3 months of age. FE/FI for halothane in these infants increased more rapidly than has been described in adults by others. In addition, we developed a mathematical model for halothane uptake and distribution that incorporates age-dependent anatomic and physiologic parameters (alveolar ventilation, functional residual capacity, cardiac output, brain volume, etc). The model closely predicts FE/FI for halothane measured in the infants. At 5 min observed FE/FI was 0.67, at 15 min observed FE/FI was 0.80, while the predicted FE/FI values were 0.65 and 0.82, respectively. The model predicts that the myocardial and brain halothane concentrations will increase more rapidly in the infant than in the adult. Achievement of high myocardial halothane concentrations early in the anesthetic induction may cause the hypotension and bradycardia commonly seen in infants. Sensitivity of the infant myocardium to halothane would further exacerbate the effect of more rapid myocardial uptake.

UI MeSH Term Description Entries
D007223 Infant A child between 1 and 23 months of age. Infants
D007700 Kinetics The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D009206 Myocardium The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow. Muscle, Cardiac,Muscle, Heart,Cardiac Muscle,Myocardia,Cardiac Muscles,Heart Muscle,Heart Muscles,Muscles, Cardiac,Muscles, Heart
D001923 Brain Chemistry Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states. Chemistry, Brain,Brain Chemistries,Chemistries, Brain
D003201 Computers Programmable electronic devices designed to accept data, perform prescribed mathematical and logical operations at high speed, and display the results of these operations. Calculators, Programmable,Computer Hardware,Computers, Digital,Hardware, Computer,Calculator, Programmable,Computer,Computer, Digital,Digital Computer,Digital Computers,Programmable Calculator,Programmable Calculators
D006221 Halothane A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178) 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-Chloro-2-Bromoethane,Fluothane,Ftorotan,Narcotan
D006439 Hemodynamics The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM. Hemodynamic
D006801 Humans Members of the species Homo sapiens. Homo sapiens,Man (Taxonomy),Human,Man, Modern,Modern Man
D000328 Adult A person having attained full growth or maturity. Adults are of 19 through 44 years of age. For a person between 19 and 24 years of age, YOUNG ADULT is available. Adults
D000367 Age Factors Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time. Age Reporting,Age Factor,Factor, Age,Factors, Age

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