Biomaterial Database

Animal models of strabismic amblyopia: comparative behavioral studies. 1983

G D Mower, and F H Duffy

Visual acuity and visuo-motor behavior were assessed in various models of experimental amblyopia in cats (n = 15). Three models of strabismic amblyopia were studied: surgical esotropia by sectioning one lateral rectus muscle; comitant optical strabismus by rearing cats with goggles which placed a stationary wedge prism before one eye; and incomitant optical strabismus by rearing cats with goggles which placed a rotatable wedge prism before one eye. These cats were compared with normal and monocularly deprived cats. Clear amblyopic deficits were found in monocularly deprived, esotropic and rotating prism cats. The amblyopic deficits were graded among these preparations, being most severe in monocularly deprived cats and least severe in esotropic cats. The degree of behavioral amblyopia in these preparations was correlated with the extent of physiological abnormalities in visual cortex and the lateral geniculate nucleus. Fixed optical strabismus did not result in behavioral deficits and does not appear to be a good model of strabismic amblyopia. Variable optical strabismus, on the other hand, produced clear deficits in one eye, both behaviorally and physiologically, without impaired ocular motility.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D009801	Oculomotor Muscles	The muscles that move the eye. Included in this group are the medial rectus, lateral rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, superior oblique, musculus orbitalis, and levator palpebrae superioris.	Extraocular Muscles,Extraocular Rectus Muscles,Inferior Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Inferior Oblique Muscles,Levator Palpebrae Superioris,Musculus Orbitalis,Oblique Extraocular Muscles,Oblique Muscle, Inferior,Oblique Muscle, Superior,Oblique Muscles, Extraocular,Rectus Muscles, Extraocular,Superior Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Superior Oblique Muscle,Extraocular Muscle,Extraocular Muscle, Oblique,Extraocular Muscles, Oblique,Extraocular Oblique Muscle,Extraocular Oblique Muscles,Extraocular Rectus Muscle,Inferior Oblique Muscle,Muscle, Oculomotor,Muscles, Oculomotor,Oblique Extraocular Muscle,Oblique Muscle, Extraocular,Oblique Muscles, Inferior,Oblique Muscles, Superior,Oculomotor Muscle,Rectus Muscle, Extraocular,Superior Oblique Muscles
D002415	Cats	The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)	Felis catus,Felis domesticus,Domestic Cats,Felis domestica,Felis sylvestris catus,Cat,Cat, Domestic,Cats, Domestic,Domestic Cat
D003624	Darkness	The absence of light.	Darknesses
D004195	Disease Models, Animal	Naturally-occurring or experimentally-induced animal diseases with pathological processes analogous to human diseases.	Animal Disease Model,Animal Disease Models,Disease Model, Animal
D004948	Esotropia	A form of ocular misalignment characterized by an excessive convergence of the visual axes, resulting in a "cross-eye" appearance. An example of this condition occurs when paralysis of the lateral rectus muscle causes an abnormal inward deviation of one eye on attempted gaze.	Esophoria,Strabismus, Convergent,Strabismus, Internal,Convergent Strabismus,Cross-Eye,Esodeviation,Intermittent Esotropia,Internal Strabismus,Monocular Esotropia,Primary Esotropia,Secondary Esotropia,Cross Eye,Cross-Eyes,Esodeviations,Esophorias,Esotropia, Intermittent,Esotropia, Monocular,Esotropia, Primary,Esotropia, Secondary,Esotropias,Intermittent Esotropias,Monocular Esotropias,Primary Esotropias,Secondary Esotropias
D005133	Eye Movements	Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.	Eye Movement,Movement, Eye,Movements, Eye
D000550	Amblyopia	A nonspecific term referring to impaired vision. Major subcategories include stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia and toxic amblyopia. Stimulus deprivation-induced amblyopia is a developmental disorder of the visual cortex. A discrepancy between visual information received by the visual cortex from each eye results in abnormal cortical development. STRABISMUS and REFRACTIVE ERRORS may cause this condition. Toxic amblyopia is a disorder of the OPTIC NERVE which is associated with ALCOHOLISM, tobacco SMOKING, and other toxins and as an adverse effect of the use of some medications.	Anisometropic Amblyopia,Lazy Eye,Amblyopia, Developmental,Amblyopia, Stimulus Deprivation-Induced,Amblyopia, Suppression,Stimulus Deprivation-Induced Amblyopia,Amblyopia, Anisometropic,Amblyopia, Stimulus Deprivation Induced,Amblyopias,Amblyopias, Anisometropic,Amblyopias, Developmental,Amblyopias, Stimulus Deprivation-Induced,Amblyopias, Suppression,Anisometropic Amblyopias,Deprivation-Induced Amblyopia, Stimulus,Deprivation-Induced Amblyopias, Stimulus,Developmental Amblyopia,Developmental Amblyopias,Eye, Lazy,Eyes, Lazy,Lazy Eyes,Stimulus Deprivation Induced Amblyopia,Stimulus Deprivation-Induced Amblyopias,Suppression Amblyopia,Suppression Amblyopias
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D012683	Sensory Deprivation	The absence or restriction of the usual external sensory stimuli to which the individual responds.	Deprivation, Sensory,Deprivations, Sensory,Sensory Deprivations
D013285	Strabismus	Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)	Concomitant Strabismus,Dissociated Horizontal Deviation,Dissociated Vertical Deviation,Heterophoria,Heterotropias,Hypertropia,Non-Concomitant Strabismus,Nonconcomitant Strabismus,Phorias,Squint,Strabismus, Comitant,Strabismus, Noncomitant,Convergent Comitant Strabismus,Mechanical Strabismus,Comitant Strabismus,Comitant Strabismus, Convergent,Deviation, Dissociated Horizontal,Dissociated Horizontal Deviations,Dissociated Vertical Deviations,Heterophorias,Heterotropia,Horizontal Deviation, Dissociated,Hypertropias,Non Concomitant Strabismus,Noncomitant Strabismus,Phoria,Strabismus, Concomitant,Strabismus, Convergent Comitant,Strabismus, Mechanical,Strabismus, Non-Concomitant,Strabismus, Nonconcomitant