Biomaterial Database

Gene expression during mammalian spermatogenesis. I. Evidence for stage-specific synthesis of polypeptides in vivo. 1983

L Stern, and B Gold, and N B Hecht

Following intratesticular injection of [35S]methionine or [3H]leucine, four testicular cell types (pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids, elongating spermatids and residual bodies) were purified from mouse testicular cell suspensions by unit gravity sedimentation and equilibrium density gradient centrifugation through Percoll. Measurement of the amount of radiolabeled amino acid incorporated into protein in the testicular cells revealed that for a constant number of cells, pachytene spermatocytes incorporated 5.4 times more isotope than round spermatids, which incorporated 2.4 times more isotope than elongating spermatids. Analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the polypeptides synthesized in vivo in the four testicular cell types demonstrated qualitative and quantitative changes in protein synthesis during spermatogenesis. At the level of detection provided by the electrophoretic methods used, pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids synthesized approximately equivalent numbers of polypeptides while the number of polypeptides synthesized in elongating spermatids and residual bodies was decreased. Quantitative changes for polypeptides ranging in molecular weight from 16,500 to 82,000 were detected during spermatogenesis. For each cell type examined, a minimum of 5% of the polypeptides appear to be either unique or greatly enriched. These studies indicate that the expression of a sizable number of polypeptides is specific to certain stages of spermatogenesis.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D008297	Male		Males
D008815	Mice, Inbred Strains	Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.	Inbred Mouse Strains,Inbred Strain of Mice,Inbred Strain of Mouse,Inbred Strains of Mice,Mouse, Inbred Strain,Inbred Mouse Strain,Mouse Inbred Strain,Mouse Inbred Strains,Mouse Strain, Inbred,Mouse Strains, Inbred,Strain, Inbred Mouse,Strains, Inbred Mouse
D010455	Peptides	Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are considered to be larger versions of peptides that can form into complex structures such as ENZYMES and RECEPTORS.	Peptide,Polypeptide,Polypeptides
D011506	Proteins	Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.	Gene Products, Protein,Gene Proteins,Protein,Protein Gene Products,Proteins, Gene
D004591	Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel	Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.	Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis,SDS-PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PAGE,Gel Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide,SDS PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate PAGE,Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PAGEs
D005786	Gene Expression Regulation	Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.	Gene Action Regulation,Regulation of Gene Expression,Expression Regulation, Gene,Regulation, Gene Action,Regulation, Gene Expression
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013087	Spermatids	Male germ cells derived from the haploid secondary SPERMATOCYTES. Without further division, spermatids undergo structural changes and give rise to SPERMATOZOA.	Spermatoblasts,Spermatid,Spermatoblast
D013090	Spermatocytes	Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.	Spermiocytes,Spermatocyte,Spermiocyte
D013091	Spermatogenesis	The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.	Spermatocytogenesis,Spermiogenesis