Biomaterial Database

The accumulation of DL-glutamate by the central nervous system of the snail Helix pomatia. 1978

N N Osborne, and H U Schröder, and V Neuhoff

Isolated snail ganglia are capable of maintaining their free amino acid levels steady for the first 60 min of incubation in physiological saline. Within this time the ganglia also possess an uptake mechanism for DL-glutamate which can be divided into sodium-sensitive and -insensitive components. The accumulation of DL-glutamate showed saturation kinetics typical of a carrier-mediated process. The Vmax value for the uptake is 1.5 x 10(-8) mole/g/min and the Km value 1.1 x 10(-4) M. The amino acid accumulation is quite specific towards L-dicarboxylic acids and insensitive to a number of metabolic inhibitors. It is unlikely to be due to a homoexchange phenomenon because the ganglia are capable of achieving a net uptake of glutamate and the efflux of DL-[3H]glutamate is not increased by the addition of non-radioactive L-glutamate to the incubation medium.

UI	MeSH Term	Description	Entries
D007700	Kinetics	The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
D004573	Electrolytes	Substances that dissociate into two or more ions, to some extent, in water. Solutions of electrolytes thus conduct an electric current and can be decomposed by it (ELECTROLYSIS). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)	Electrolyte
D005724	Ganglia	Clusters of multipolar neurons surrounded by a capsule of loosely organized CONNECTIVE TISSUE located outside the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
D005971	Glutamates	Derivatives of GLUTAMIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the 2-aminopentanedioic acid structure.	Glutamic Acid Derivatives,Glutamic Acids,Glutaminic Acids
D006372	Helix, Snails	A genus of chiefly Eurasian and African land snails including the principal edible snails as well as several pests of cultivated plants.	Helix (Snails),Snails Helix
D000596	Amino Acids	Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.	Amino Acid,Acid, Amino,Acids, Amino
D000818	Animals	Unicellular or multicellular, heterotrophic organisms, that have sensation and the power of voluntary movement. Under the older five kingdom paradigm, Animalia was one of the kingdoms. Under the modern three domain model, Animalia represents one of the many groups in the domain EUKARYOTA.	Animal,Metazoa,Animalia
D013696	Temperature	The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.	Temperatures
D014316	Tritium	The radioactive isotope of hydrogen also known as hydrogen-3. It contains two NEUTRONS and one PROTON in its nucleus and decays to produce low energy BETA PARTICLES.	Hydrogen-3,Hydrogen 3
D046508	Culture Techniques	Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.	Culture Technique,Technique, Culture,Techniques, Culture